Action for possession of personal property; judgment in favor of intervening defendant; appeal from judghent and from an order denying a new trial.
The following are the facts' material to the questions presented on appeal: One B. died, leaving a widow and several minor children. He was indebted to- 'appellant bank. After hisi death, bis widow gave her individual note to take up- the notes evidencing such indebtedness. She secured said note by a chattel mortgage covering personal property belonging to the estate of deceased. She was subsequently appointed administratrix of such estate. Subsequent to such appointment this action was brought to obtain the possession of the mortgaged property for purpose *55of foreclosure. Appellant took possession of the property mortgaged through proceedings in claim and delivery and foreclosed the mortgage, foreclosure sale being had prior to any answer herein. The widow, answering, admitted the giving of the note and the mortgage, but alleged that the property in question belonged to the estate -and that at the time of. the commencement of this action she was in possession of the same -as administratrix of such estate. By leave of court she, in her representative capacity, interposed an answer as intervener wherein she sought the return -of the property or the value thereof if return could not be had. Appellant alleged the property to be worth $425. Respondent alleged same to be worth- $500. The -deceased -died possessed of but $600 worth- of personal property. There is no evidence -that the original notes were in any manner secured'; and there is no evidence that the deceased left any unexempt real estate.
[1,2] The widow was a witness and testified- i-n- relation to the ownership of the property. Her testimony was objected to upo-n th-e ground that she was estopped! from- testifying to facts inconsistent with the warranties -contained in -the mortgage she gave to appellant. . Appellant -concedes- the law to be that -an-administrator’s title to property is an offidi-al title which ordinarily cannot be affected to the prejudice -of -the estate by any acts -of such, 'administrator prior to -his appointment -as administrator, and also concedes that there -can -arise no estoppel growing out of the acts of the administrator as- an individual- which will affect the title of the administrator in property of the estate except in cases where s'uch -estoppel is based upon and can be supported by equities against the estate. This is -clea-rly the law. Gilkey v. Hamilton, 22 Mich. 283. But appellant -contends that, even though- the -administratrix may not have been estopped to- claim possession of this property, yet she was estopped -as a witness from disputing the title she purported to convey by the mortgage. that:
“In matters of -estoppel there is a clear distinction between the law of property and the law of evidence.”
’Appellant has -cited no authority in support of such novel preposition, and we apprehend that none can be found. It -certainly would be a.n anomalous -situation if one who ha-d a right to *56sue or 'defend! in a representative capacity, whose right of action ¡oir ground of (defense rested upon a claim- -of .title to> certain-property, who was not estopped, from so suing oir defending, and who was' <in every -other respect a qualified and competent witness '-competent to testify to the .title of such property, would be estopped from telling the truth 'in relation to such title simply because at some time he or she had made -a declaration- 'in writing which was contradictory to -the testimony sought to be given. The testimony was -rightfully received.
[3] Appellant further contends that the administratrix is estopped from questioning its- right of. possession because the facts of this case establish clear equities against the estate — that by surrendering the notes which appellant held against the deceased the estate was benefited, to- the -extent of such notes, the time for filing -claims against the estate having expired. Appellant has cited in support of such contention the ease of Rainwater v. Harris, Administratrix, 51 Ark. 401, 11 S. W. 583, 3 L. R. A. 845, a case wherein, -there were clear and undisputed equities against the -estate. In that case the ad-inistratrix had prior to- her appointment voluntarily paid a 'claim of $300, and after -her appointment .she sought, in an action for money had and received, to recover such money for the estate. The distinction between the facts of -that case -and those of this -case is to be seen in the following which we quote from the -opinion therein, the italicizing being ours:
“This claim was for loaned money, ' * * * its payment could have1 been, and it was just and right that it should have been, enforced against the estate m the regular way, had not the widow of the deceased, being satisfied that it was just, discharged it, by the payment of the $300 to the appellant, before grant of administration to her.”
We are unable to discover -any -equities against the e-state under the facts of the present case. It does not appear but what appellant, in making the original loans to deceased, relied solely upon the personal credit of its debtor; there being no evidence that he haldl 'any property other than such .as was- exempt unlder the laws of this state. When the debtor died appellant was left with neither a legal nor equitable claim enforceable against this estate. It certainly acquired no equities by -taking a mortgage against -that *57property which the laws of this state have sought to preserve from the gr-asp of creditors to the enidl that it 'be used in the -support of tine widow -and minor children. Appellant is seeking, through this mortgage given by -the widow, to collect a -debt, owing by deceased, but which- could not have been collected1 from hi® est-ate, the property of which was all exempt. The equities are one and all against appellant, and there is nothing to- bring this -case within the exception noteld in the Michigan- ca-s-e.
[4] Respondent -offered evidence tending -to- show that the property was of greater value -than tihatt alleged -by the appellant. Appellant, in rebuttal, offered evidence to -show that the property wa-s worth less than alleged in its complaint and in its' affidavit in -claim and delivery. This evidence w'as- “received' f'o-r the purpose of showing the v-al-ue of property did not exceed the value fixed in -the affidavit.” The respondent wa-ive-d -the submission to th-e jury of the val-ue -of the -property, and- the court directed! the jury to find the value at the -amount named in the complaint and •affidavit. Of ‘this appellant complain®. The ruling of the court was correct. Park v. Robinson, 15 S. D. 551, 91 N. W. 344.
[5] Forms of verdict were prepared and- -submitted to- the jury; these were read as a part loif the court’s 'instructions. Ate above noted-, the evidence showed that appellant -h-ad foreclosed -the mortgage and s-oid the -property prior ’to -the 'answers- herein. Th-e fo-rm -of verdict submitted on behalf -of -respondent -did not contain a provision finding -her entitled to the possession of the property, but found for the intervener upon all the issues and as-sessiad her -damages -in- -the su-m named therein. Appellant -contends that, this being an -action in -cla-im an-d -delivery, th-e verdict?, in order to b-e valid, had to- -be'in the alternative -for the possession -o-f the -property or the value thereof. Under the undisputed facts-pols-session could not have been given respondent. A verdict o-r judgment for possession would 'have been of no effect. But, even -though the verdict had been imp-ro-per in form, the verdict having been incorporated 'into -and made a part of the instructions, and s'uch part of the instructions not being excepted to, appellant is -n-o-t now -in a plolsiti-on to' compl-ain of the form thereof.
There are no other -as-signimemts meriting consideration.
The judgment a-n-dl -order appealed from are affirmed.