dissenting: The specific description in a deed, when definite and clear, is not to be enlarged by a reference to the source of title, such as “being the same property conveyed in deed,” etc., because “when connected with the specific description, it can only be considered as an identification of the land described in the boundary,” Midgett v. Twiford, 120 N. C., 4, 26 S. E., 626, or “as a further means of locating the property.” Loan Assn. v. Bethel, ibid., 344, 27 S. E., 29.
It is only when the specific description is ambiguous, or insufficient, or the reference is to a fuller or more accurate description, that the general clause is allowed to control or is given significance in determining the boundaries. Crews v. Crews, 210 N. C., 217, 186 S. E., 156; Quelch v. Futch, 172 N. C., 316, 90 S. E., 259; Ritter v. Barrett, 20 N. C., 266; Campbell v. McArthur, 9 N. C., 33; 18 C. J., 284.
The rule is that where there is a particular and a general description in a deed, the particular description is preferred over the general. Von Herff v. Richardson, 192 N. C., 595, 135 S. E., 533; Potter v. Bonner, 174 N. C., 20, 93 S. E., 370.
“Where there is an ‘unambiguous and certain description,’ and also one that is indefinite and uncertain, the former is to be regarded as *201controlling, and the latter will be rejected” — Hoke, J., in Williams v. Bailey, 178 N. C., 630, 101 S. E., 105.
This is in full accord with the doctrine announced in Triplett v. Williams, 149 N. C., 394, 63 S. E., 79, that the significance of a deed, like that of a will, is to be gathered from its four corners. Gudger v. White, 141 N. C., 507, 54 S. E., 386.
The line of demarcation was pointed out by Walker, J., in Ferguson v. Fibre Co., 182 N. C., 731, 110 S. E., 220, “If the first description by metes and bounds does not embrace the locus in quo, the second one should not be allowed to control it, and thereby enlarge its boundaries, unless it was the clear, if not manifest, intention of the grantor to do so and to convey lands not covered by the first description,” and again in Dill v. Lumber Co., 183 N. C., 660, 112 S. E., 740, “The general rule is, to be sure, that a particular description will control a general one, because the law prefers the best evidence as to the intention of the parties, and when properly considered, the particular description is more certain and reliable than the other one.”
In Carter v. White, 101 N. C., 30, 7 S. E., 473, it was held that the general description “known as Walker’s Island” should give way to a more specific one by metes and bounds which did not include the whole island.
Likewise, in Dana v. Bank, 10 Dana, 250, where under the particular description the land was described by locative calls, the Massachusetts Court held that such a description would prevail over a more general one, the reference there being almost identical with the one here under consideration, i.e., “being the same set off to the representatives of the late "Win. S. Crook, deceased, in the division of the estate of Enoch Crook, deceased, recorded with Middlesex Probate Records, b. 177, p. 97.”
This case was cited with approval in Cox v. McGowan, 116 N. C., 131, 21 S. E., 108, where Avery, J., with his usual clarity, animadverted as follows: “But in Dana v. Bank, supra, the more general description refers to the book and page of the record, as exhibiting the whole deed. The description, which calls for lines of other tracts, we can see fixes the boundaries by what are considered stable and certain monuments, then existing, and is to be preferred to one that is more general, even when the more general designation of the lines can by reference to other deeds be made more specific. It is true that in numerous cases which we need not cite, it has been held' that the reference in one deed to another makes it competent to introduce the conveyance referred to in evidence for the purpose of showing that the original instrument offered is not void for vagueness in the descriptive clause, but it does not follow that there is any conflict between that rule and the one invoked in the *202decision of tbis case, that tbe general designations, such as ‘known as the Brown place’ or ‘known as the Mt. Yernon place,’ though susceptible of location by proof aliunde, must yield to a more specific description, which marks out the boundaries as lines of adjoining tracts, streets or rivers or designated corners with course and distance either preceding or following that which is less definite in the same instrument. The parties are presumed to have intended to be governed by the description which they make specific where it is in conflict with another.”
To similar effect is the decision in Hale v. Swift, 23 Ky., 497, 63 S. W., 288, where it was held that “where a deed describes a particular lot of ground by metes and bounds, and fixes its beginning corner by calling for a well known point, like a street corner, and, after thus definitely locating the exact ground, attempts to further describe it by giving a map number, which conflicts with the location, then the lot must be located according to the particular description, and not its map number.”
In Loan Assn. v. Bethel, supra, there was a particular description of Lot No. 13, with the addition, “and upon this lot the Hotel Bethel is erected.” The Hotel Bethel was, in fact, erected on Lot No. 13, but it also extended eight feet over on the adjacent Lot No. 12. It was held that the deed did not convey the eight feet of Lot No. 12 upon which the Hotel Bethel also stood.
The facts in the case of Prentice v. P. R., 154 U. S., 163, make it almost identical with the case at bar, certainly the same in principle. There, it was held, as stated in the syllabus: “When a deed contains a specific description of the land conveyed, by metes and bounds, and a general description referring to the land as the same land set off to B., and by B. afterwards disposed of to A., the second description is intended to describe generally what had been before described by metes and bounds; and if, in an action of ejectment brought by a grantee of A., as plaintiff, the description by metes and bounds does not include the land sued for, it cannot be claimed under the general description.”
Speaking to the general reference, the Court said: “It seems entirely clear that the words in the clause beginning ‘and being the land/ etc., were intended to describe, generally, what had been before specifically described by metes and bounds; that ‘and being’ is equivalent to ‘which is,’ in which case this clause of general description — the specific description by metes and bounds being rejected as not embracing the land— cannot, it is conceded, be regarded as an independent description of the subject of the conveyance.”
This is in conformity to the general rule, that a reiteration or re-description, such as, “being a lot in the shape of a parallelogram, 100 by 75 feet,” etc., adds nothing to the description, but is in affirmation of the locative calls in the deed. Ferguson v. Fibre Co., supra; Gudger v. White, supra; 18 C. J., 284.
*203Speaking to tbis latter rule in Ferguson v. Fibre Co., supra, where the deed in question was more favorable to the plaintiff’s position than the one we are now considering, Walker, J., with his usual accuracy of expression, stated the case as follows: “There are two descriptions of the land in this case to be found in the deed in question, one by metes and bounds, and the other by more general words. It is admitted that the land in dispute is not embraced by the metes and bounds set forth in the deed, but it is contended by the plaintiff that it is included in the other description. ... We are of the opinion that the second or further description gives strength and confirmation to the view that it was not the intention of the grantor to do so (extend the boundaries), but merely to repeat the former description, but in different, and, as he evidently supposed, plainer and more unmistakable language. . . . The second description was inserted not for the purpose of extending the boundaries of the lands, but merely as another way of making his meaning, in the first description, less liable to misunderstanding.”
The strongest statement of the instant case is, that the deed conveys certain lots, specifically described by metes and bounds, and then makes reference not only to deeds conveying the lots specifically described, but also to another deed for lots not contained in the specific description. The parties are in disagreement whether the reference is to the source of title or for a further description. But even conceding the latter, to hold, as the majority opinion does, that this ambiguity in the general reference conveys the lots not covered by the specific description is to depart from the genéral rule of construction. Williams v. Bailey, supra; Beck v. Love, 18 N. C., 65.
The case of Quelch v. Futch, supra, ought not to be misunderstood. There, an error in the specific description resulted in a misdescription of the land intended to be conveyed, as was clearly revealed by the reference in the deed to the description in another deed where the same property was conveyed to the grantor, but not where some other property was acquired by him. Under these circumstances the choice was made between declaring the deed void for want of sufficient description or giving it significance according to the manifest intention of the parties. It is a far cry from that case to this one. “Every opinion to be correctly understood ought to be considered with a view- to the case in which it was delivered.” U. S. v. Burr, 4 Cranch, 469.
The case of Von Herff v. Richardson, supra, is likewise on four points with the case at bar, where a different result was upheld. See, also, Gaylord v. McCoy, 158 N. C., 325, 74 S. E., 321; Peebles v. Graham, 128 N. C., 222, 39 S. E., 25.
It is not to be doubted that “by a proper reference of one deed to another, the description of the latter may be considered as incorporated into the former, and both be read as one instrument for the purpose of *204identifying tbe thing intended to be conveyed.” Everitt v. Thomas, 23 N. C., 252. But this is not our case.
The deed in question contains two clear and unmistakable descriptions by metes and bounds, the one under the designation “First Lot” and the other under the title “Second Lot.” The specific description under the “First Lot” covers Lots 17 and 18 in Block D, while the particular description under the “Second Lot” covers Lots 1, 2 and 3 in Block D. Then follows the reference, “And being all of those certain lots conveyed,” etc. Under the decisions heretofore prevailing, the particular descriptions take precedence over the general reference and are regarded as controlling. Scull v. Pruden, 92 N. C., 168; Proctor v. Pool, 15 N. C., 370.
Barnhill and Winborne, JJ., concur in dissent.