IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT United States Court of Appeals
Fifth Circuit
FILED
July 7, 2009
No. 07-20336
Charles R. Fulbruge III
Clerk
JAMES NEWTON BEEDE,
Petitioner-Appellant,
versus
NATHANIEL QUARTERMAN, Director,
Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Correctional Institutions Division,
Respondent-Appellee.
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Southern District of Texas
No. 4:05-CV-4035
Before HIGGINBOTHAM, SMITH, and SOUTHWICK, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:*
James Beede was convicted of murder and sentenced to life in prison. He
appeals the denial of his petition for writ of habeas corpus, and we affirm.
*
Pursuant to 5TH CIR . R. 47.5, the court has determined that this opinion should not
be published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5TH CIR .
R. 47.5.4.
No. 07-20336
I.
After an evening of drinking at a strip club, Beede, his ex-girlfriend Kellie
Ard, and his friend Sandy Joe Walker found themselves on a road near an oil rig.
Knowing that Beede wanted to confront Ard about a missing tattoo gun that he
thought she had stolen, Walker left to inquire about job opportunities at the rig.
When he returned, Ard’s dead body was lying on the side of the road, and Beede
told him that “I think I killed Kellie” and explained that he had hit her too hard
with a tire tool.
The police soon arrested Beede. In jail, he confessed to his girlfriend that
he had killed Ard. He also gave a written statement admitting to the events of
the evening but said he recalled only hitting Ard with his hand a few times and
then he “blacked out”; when he awoke, she was lying dead on the ground.
Beede was prosecuted for murder. After the jury had found him guilty,
and while it was deliberating on punishment, the trial judge learned that one of
the jurors had left a message for him on the court’s answering machine the night
before. Although the record reflects that a recording of the message was intro-
duced as an exhibit, it appears to have been lost,1 so we have no evidence of its
content.2 Beede avers that it was a juror’s reporting that the victim’s father had
1
In a fruitless attempt to locate the exhibit, the state contacted the County Clerk’s
Office, the District Attorney’s Office, and Beede’s trial counsel.
2
The only record evidence we have regarding the message is the following colloquy
between the judge and Beede’s counsel, Mr. Osso:
MR. OSSO: It was brought to our attention that one of the jurors, I believe it
was No. 17, had called the Court and left a phone message for the Judge, and
I believe it was last evening. We have a tape recording of this conversation. By
agreement with the prosecutor, the court reporter is going to recopy that tape
recording which is in possession of the coordinator. I’d move to introduce it as
part of the record and label it as Defense No. 5.
THE COURT: It’s admitted. I want to make it clear for the record that we have
in this court an answering machine. We don’t check the answering machine
until later on in the day and apparently that message was not collected. I didn’t
(continued...)
2
No. 07-20336
contacted him during the trial.
After an unsuccessful direct appeal, Beede filed, pro se, a state application
for writ of habeas corpus. He argued, inter alia, (1) that his due process rights
were violated by the trial court’s failure to hold a hearing to determine the im-
pact of any improper communication between the victim’s father and the juror
and (2) that his right to counsel was violated by his lawyer’s failure to raise that
issue during trial or on appeal. The habeas court determined that the former
claim was procedurally barred, because any concern about tampering should
have been addressed on direct appeal and could not be raised in a habeas appli-
cation. The court rejected the latter claim, concluding that Beede had “fail[ed]
to demonstrate that trial and appellate counsel’s conduct fell below an objective
standard of reasonableness and that, but for counsel’s alleged deficient conduct,
there is a reasonable probability that the result of the proceeding would have
been different.” The Texas Court of Criminal Appeals (“TCCA”) affirmed with-
out written order.
Beede, still pro se, then filed a federal habeas petition that reasserted,
inter alia, his ineffective assistance-of-counsel and jury-tampering claims. The
district court, finding that the ineffective assistance of counsel claim was merit-
less and that the tampering claim was procedurally barred, entered summary
judgment for the state. We granted a certificate of appealability on three issues:
(1) “whether counsel, at the trial level and on direct appeal, provided ineffective
assistance by omitting a challenge to the alleged jury tampering matter[,]”
2
(...continued)
become aware of this message until after the jury had already rendered its
verdict on guilt or innocence and were out on punishment. I just want to make
the record clear on that point. Is there anything else?
MR. OSSO: No, Your Honor.
THE COURT: I made it immediately known to Counsel and they listened to it
the same time I did. I’m going to appoint Mr. Osso on the appeal.
3
No. 07-20336
(2) “whether the jury tampering claim is procedurally barred,” and (3) “whether
the district court erred in dismissing Beede’s jury tampering claim and his relat-
ed ineffective assistance claims without conducting an evidentiary hearing.”
Beede v. Quarterman, N O. 07-20336 (5th Cir. May 7, 2008).
II.
We review a summary judgment de novo. Ogan v. Cockrell, 297 F.3d 349,
355-56 (5th Cir. 2002). Under the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty
Act of 1996 (“AEDPA”), “when a federal habeas petitioner’s claim has been adju-
dicated on the merits in a state court proceeding, a federal court may only grant
habeas relief if the state court’s adjudication of the claim either: (1) resulted in
a decision that was contrary to, or involved an unreasonable application of, clear-
ly established federal law as determined by the United States Supreme Court,
or (2) resulted in a decision that was based on an unreasonable interpretation
of the facts in light of evidence presented in the state court proceeding.” Rogers
v. Quarterman, 555 F.3d 483, 488 (5th Cir. 2009) (citing 28 U.S.C. § 2254(d)(1),
(2)). “A state court decision is contrary to clearly established Supreme Court
precedent if: (1) ‘the state court applies a rule that contradicts the governing law
set forth in [the Supreme Court’s] cases,’ or (2) ‘the state court confronts a set of
facts that are materially indistinguishable from a decision of [the Supreme]
Court and nevertheless arrives at a result different from [Supreme Court] prece-
dent.’” Coble v. Quarterman, 496 F.3d 430, 435 (5th Cir. 2007) (quoting Williams
v. Taylor, 529 U.S. 362, 406 (2000)). “A state court’s incorrect application of
clearly established Supreme Court precedent is not enough to warrant federal
habeas relief; in addition, such an application must also be unreasonable.” Id.
A.
Ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claims are governed by the familiar stan-
4
No. 07-20336
dards of Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668 (1984). To prevail, a petitioner
“must establish: (1) ‘that counsel’s representation fell below an objective stan-
dard of reasonableness’ and (2) that the deficient representation caused preju-
dice, which requires a showing that there is a ‘reasonable probability that, but
for counsel’s unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been
different.’” Coble, 496 F.3d at 435 (quoting Washington, 466 U.S. at 688, 694).
In his federal petition, Beede reasserts claims already rejected on the
merits by the TCCA: that trial counsel was deficient for failing to request a jury
voir dire and that appellate counsel was deficient for failing to raise the issue on
appeal. Under AEDPA, the question is therefore whether the TCCA’s denial of
habeas relief was an objectively unreasonable application of the Washington
standard. Schaetzle v. Cockrell, 343 F.3d 440, 444 (5th Cir. 2003).
There is nothing in the record to support Beede’s allegation of jury tam-
pering. The record shows only that a juror left a message on the trial judge’s an-
swering machine but does not contain any information about the content of that
message, let alone that the victim’s father contacted a juror. We nonetheless rec-
ognize that, through no fault of Beede’s, the record is missing a transcript of the
message.
Even assuming the accuracy of Beede’s assertions,3 however, he has not
overcome our AEDPA deference to the TCCA’s decision. He argues that, under
Remmer v. United States, 347 U.S. 227, 229 (1954), any improper contact with
a juror creates a presumption of prejudice that the state must rebut. But in the
years since Remmer, the Supreme Court has “backed away from this position,
indicating that the presumption of prejudice and the assignment of the burden
3
As the district court explained, “Petitioner’s allegations do not assert that there was
a conversation between the juror and the [complainant]’s father, as opposed to the father leav-
ing a message with the juror’s spouse, boss, co-worker, or answering machine. If there was
a conversation, Petitioner’s allegations do not assert anything about the length, nature, or con-
tent of the conversation.”
5
No. 07-20336
of proof are not triggered automatically but are imposed at the discretion of the
district court.” United States v. Sylvester, 143 F.3d 923, 933 (5th Cir. 1998). We
have similarly emphasized “that the trial judge is in the best position to evaluate
accurately the potential impact of the complained-of outside influence” and that
the court need not conduct a “full-blown evidentiary hearing in every instance
in which an outside influence is brought to bear upon a petit jury.” United
States v. Ramos, 71 F.3d 1150, 1153-54 (5th Cir. 1995). Instead, the court “must
balance the probable harm resulting from the emphasis such action would place
upon the misconduct and the disruption involved in conducting a hearing
against the likely extent and gravity of the prejudice generated by the miscon-
duct.” Id. at 1153 (quoting United States v. Chiantese, 582 F.2d 974, 980 (5th
Cir. 1978)).
Beede therefore has not shown that the TCCA’s rejection of his ineffective
assistance of counsel claim was an objectively unreasonable application of
Washington. The TCCA reasonably could have concluded that counsel’s perform-
ance fell “within the wide range of reasonable professional assistance,” Washing-
ton, 466 U.S. at 689, and that any deficiency was non-prejudicial.
B.
Beede argues that his due process rights were violated by the alleged jury
tampering. When he raised the same claim in state court, the TCCA concluded
it was procedurally defaulted under state law because it should have been raised
on direct appeal of his conviction.4 Where a state court has dismissed a claim on
state procedural grounds, that claim is also procedurally barred in federal court
“unless the prisoner can demonstrate cause for the default and actual prejudice
as a result of the alleged violation of federal law, or demonstrate that failure to
4
See Ex Parte Townsend, 137 S.W.3d 79, 81 (Tex. Crim. App. 2004) (“Even a consti-
tutional claim is forfeited if the applicant had the opportunity to raise the issue on appeal.”).
6
No. 07-20336
consider the claims will result in a fundamental miscarriage of justice.” Cole-
man v. Thompson, 501 U.S. 722, 750 (1991).
Beede contends that his counsel’s failure to raise the claim on appeal
caused the default. He is correct that lawyer error may excuse a procedural de-
fault, but those errors must constitute constitutionally ineffective assistance of
counsel.5 As discussed above, Beede has no viable claim for ineffective assis-
tance of counsel, so his procedural default is not excused, and his jury-tampering
claim is procedurally barred in federal court.
C.
Finally, because summary judgment was appropriate even assuming Bee-
de could prove his allegations regarding the answering machine message, the
district court did not err in denying an evidentiary hearing. Beede’s claim to the
contrary has no merit.
The judgment is AFFIRMED.
5
See Murray v. Carter, 477 U.S. 478, 488 (1986) (“So long as a defendant is represented
by counsel whose performance is not constitutionally ineffective under the standard estab-
lished in Strickland v. Washington, we discern no inequity in requiring him to bear the risk
of attorney error that results in a procedural default.”).
7