Application is made to tbis court for an original writ of mandamus to compel tbe defendant, N. 0. McDonald, to turn over to one Minnie J. Nielsen tbe possession’of tbe office of .superintendent of public instruction of tbe state of North Dakota.
Tbe controlling facts are undisputed. Tbe defendant' McDonald was elected to tbe office of superintendent of public instruction at tbe general election held in November, 1916. His term of office ended on January 5, 1919. Tbe defendant and said Minnie J. Nielsen were opposing candidates for tbe office involved in tbis controversy at tbe election in November, 1918, with tbe result that said Minnie. J. Nielsen received more votes than tbe defendant. On December 9, 1918, tbe state board of canvassers issued a certificate of election declaring said Minnie J. Nielsen to have been duly elected to tbe office o: tendent of public instruction of North Dakota. On January 6, 1919, she qualified by taking tbe oath of office and filing tbe bond provided by law, but tbe defendant refused to surrender tbe office.
*391The defendant contends:
1. That the case does not warrant the exercise of the original jurisdiction of this court;
2. That there is a plain, speedy, and adequate remedy by action in the nature of quo warranto, and hence mandamus will not lie;
3. That said Minnie J. Nielsen did not have or hold the educational certificate prescribed by the .statute.
We will consider these propositions in the order stated.
(1) So far as the question of jurisdiction is concerned,, the case falls squarely within the rule announced by this court in State ex rel. Moore v. Archibald, 5 N. D. 359, 66 N. W. 234. That decision, as well as the subsequent decisions of this court, not only sustains the right, but makes it the duty, of this court to exercise its original jurisdiction in’ the instant case. See also State ex rel. Linde v. Taylor, 33 N. D. 76, L.R.A. 1918B, 156, 156 N. W. 561, Ann. Cas. 1918A, 583.
(2) The second point raised was elaborately discussed, and ruled against defendant’s contention, in State ex rel. Butler v. Callahan, 4 N. D. 481, 61 N. W. 1025. In that case it was.held that where an incumbent is holding over after the expiration of his. term, and until a successor is elected and qualified, and has no other claim to the office, he is a mere intruder as against'a candidate who holds the proper cei> tificate of election and has qualified for the office in the manner and form prescribed by law. The rule announced in State ex rel. Butler v. Callahan is in harmony with the principles of justice and common sense, and meets with our entire approval.
“It is the duty of every public officer, at the expiration of his official relation, to surrender to his successor the .property and insignia of the office which the law commits to his custody. This duty is ministerial merely, no matter on what officer it devolves, and at common law its performance is enforceable by mandamus. . . . The right of the incumbent of an office to hold over after the expiration of his term exists only in cases where there is no legally elected and qualified successor, and therefore when there is a duly elected and qualified successor, the incumbent can have no such color or claim of right to the office as will prevent mandamus from, issuing to compel him to surrender, the insignia, etc., of the office. . . . The • commission or certificate of election to the office in dispute and qualification thereunder is prima *392facie title to the office, and the courts will not in a mandamus proceeding to compel tbe surrender of the office to the holder go behind the commission or certificate.” 18 R. C. L. pp. 261, 262, § 186. Sec also § 8457, Compiled Laws 1913; State ex rel. Moore v. Archibald, supra; Chandler v. Starling, 19 N. D. 144, 122 N. W. 198. “A prima facie right or title on the part of the relator to the office is all that is necessary, or in fact involved, in mandamus proceedings to compel the surrender of insignia, etc., of the office.” 18 R. C. L. p. 263, § 188.
(3) The third point was specifically ruled against defendant’s contention in State ex rel. Butler v. Callahan, supra. That case involved the office of county superintendent. The defendant in his answer admitted that the relator had received a certificate of election, and had qualified thereunder by taking the oath of office and giving the required bond; but averred, as new matter, that the relator did not have or hold the educational certificate prescribed by the statute. The court ruled that such new matter did not constitute a defense; that the new matter in the answer had reference only to the relator’s ultimate title to the office; and that such title could not be litigated in a mandamus proceeding. The court further held that in such mandamus proceeding “the relator cannot be driven out of court by the mere fact that the incumbent pleads facts in his answer which call for a determination of the relator’s ultimate title to the office, and only that title.”
“When a commission or certificate of election has been issued to another, who has qualified thereunder, it is the duty of an incumbent of a public office, at the expiration of his term, to surrender the office to his successor; and should he then desire to contest the eligibility, election, or qualification of the person so holding the commission or certificate, he may do so by proceeding in the manner prescribed by law for determining contested claims to office, but he cannot do so in mandamus proceedings to compel the surrender of the office.” 18 R. C. L. p. 263, § 189.
It follows from what has been said that a writ of mandamus must issue as prayed for. It is so ordered.
BeoNSON, J., deeming himself disqualified, did not participate, Honorable W. L. Nuessle, Judge of Sixth Judicial District, sitting in his stead.