The question presented in this appeal is whether the trial court abused its discretion in granting appellee relief from judgment pursuant to Civ. R. 60(B)(5). Civ. R. 60(B) states as follows:
“On motion and upon such terms as are just, the court may relieve a party or his legal representative from a final judgment, order or proceeding for the following reasons: (1) mistake, inadvertence, surprise or excusable neglect; (2) newly discovered evidence which by due diligence could not have been discovered in time to move for a new trial under Rule 59(B); (3) fraud (whether heretofore denominated intrinsic or extrinsic), misrepresentation or other misconduct of an adverse party; (4) the judgment had been satisfied, released or discharged, or a prior judgment upon which it is based has been reversed or otherwise vacated, or it is no longer equitable that the judgment should have prospective application; or (5) any other reason justifying relief from the judgment. The motion shall be made within a reasonable time, and for reasons (1), (2) and (3) not more than one year after the judgment, order *15or proceeding was entered or taken. A motion under this subdivision (B) does not affect the finality of a judgment or suspend its operation.
“The procedure for obtaining any relief from a judgment shall be by motion as prescribed in these rules.”
The “any other reason” asserted by appellee under Civ. R. 60(B)(5) was that “the attorneys perpetrated such open and flagrant fraud upon the Court that no justice could have been rendered * * *.”
Appellant contends “that ‘fraud’ be it denominated ‘fraud upon the court’ or ‘fraud in taking judgment’ is a ground for relief within the purview of Civil Rule 60(B)(3) [which must be brought within one year] and not Civil Rule 60(B)(5).” This contention is without merit.
The Staff Notes to Civ. R. 60(B) specifically negate appellant’s contention. The drafters state as follows:
“* * * a court might utilize the catch-all provision [60(B)(5)] to vacate a judgment vitiated by a fraud upon the court. Fraud upon the court differs from Rule 60(B)(3), fraud or misrepresentation by an adverse party. * * *”
“Fraud upon the court” is an elusive concept. “The distinction between ‘fraud’ on the one hand and ‘fraud on the court’ on the other is by no means clear, and most attempts to state it seem to us to be merely compilations of words that do not clarify.” Toscano v. Commr. of Internal Revenue (C.A. 9, 1971), 441 F. 2d 930, 933.
One commentator, however, had provided this definition: “ ‘Fraud upon the court’ should, we believe, embrace only that species of fraud which does or attempts to, defile the court itself, or is a fraud perpetrated by the officers of the court so that the judicial machinery can not perform in the usual manner its impartial task of adjudging cases that are presented for adjudication. Fraud, inter partes, without more, should not be a fraud upon the court, but redress should be left to a motion under 60(b)(3) or to the independent action.” 7 Moore’s Federal Practice (2 Ed. 1971) 515, Paragraph 60.33. See, also, Serzysko v. Chase Manhattan Bank (C.A. 2, 1972), 461 F. 2d 699; Kupferman v. Consolidated Research & Mfg. Corp. (C.A. 2, 1972), 459 F. 2d 1072, 1078; Kenner v. Commr. of Internal Revenue (C.A. 7, 1968), 387 F. 2d 689, 691. Accord Hartford v. Hartford (1977), 53 Ohio App. 2d 79, at pages 83-84.
It is generally agreed that “* * * [a]ny fraud connected with the presentation of a case to a court is a fraud upon the court, in a broad sense.” 11 Wright & Miller, Federal Practice and Procedure (1973) 253, Section 2870. Thus, in the usual case, a party must resort to a motion under Civ. R. 60(B)(3). Where an officer of the court, e.g., an attorney, however, actively participates in defrauding the court, then the court may entertain a Civ. R. 60(B)(5) motion for relief from judgment. See Toscano, supra.
Appellant contends in his first proposition of law that “[a] trial court abuses its discretion in granting an evidentiary hearing on a motion for relief from judgment pursuant to Civil Rule 60(B) of the Ohio Rules of Civil Procedure and in granting the motion where the evidentiary materials submitted *16with the motion were insufficient to establish either the timeliness or the grounds of the motion.”
In Adomeit v. Baltimore (1974), 39 Ohio App. 2d 97 [68 O.O.2d 251], which involved a claim for relief from a default judgment, the court stated at page 105:
“If the movant files a motion for relief from judgment and it contains allegations of operative facts which would warrant relief under Civil Rule 60(B), the trial court should grant a hearing to take evidence and verify these facts before it rules on the motion.”
Appellee’s motion and accompanying affidavit contained detailed allegations going to the execution of the separation agreement and Saltzer’s role in the subsequent divorce action. Our review indicates that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in granting a hearing because under the rule of Adomeit, which this court hereby adopts, appellee’s motion and supporting affidavit contained allegations of operative facts that would warrant relief under Civ. R. 60(B).
Appellant next argues that even if appellee’s motion was properly brought under Civ. R. 60(B)(5), the courts below erred in concluding that a fraud had been perpetrated upon the domestic relations court. In the pre-rule case of In re Estate of Wright (1956), 165 Ohio St. 15 [59 O.O. 37], which is somewhat analogous to the case at bar, the court upheld a judgment vacating the final settlement of an estate for fraud upon the court. The relevant portion of paragraph three of the syllabus states:
“Where an attorney, who is administrator of an estate, enters into a contract with a claimant against such estate for a percentage of the proceeds which such claimant may receive from the estate, makes no disclosure of such arrangement to the Probate Court in whose jurisdiction such estate is being administered, and such court proceeds to confirm the final account of such administrator, which it probably would not have done had it known of the arrangement, such administrator thereby perpetrates a fraud upon the court, for which the order confirming the final account may be vacated * *
While the instant case involves a divorce action, not the administration of a decedent’s estate, and there is no allegation that Saltzer had contracted for a percentage of the marital property, Wright is relevant because the domestic relations court approved the controverted separation agreement, “which it probably would not have done had it known of the arrangement [between appellant and Saltzer].” The court below noted that “ ‘the trial court is best able to determine whether a fraud has been perpetrated upon it. Consequently, the trial court’s determination of the issue is entitled to great weight * * *.’ ” See Hartford v. Hartford (1977), 53 Ohio App. 2d 79, 85 [7 O.O.3d 53]. We agree.
In the instant case, the trial court was justified in its conclusion that Saltzer’s conduct constituted a fraud upon the court by an officer thereof. The record reveals that: Saltzer was appellant’s corporate counsel and the proceeding was initiated at appellant’s request; while Saltzer testified that he *17intended to act as a mere scrivener for the parties, he never advised Mrs. Coulson or the court of his limited representation; he did not independently analyze the separation agreement, nor did he know or inquire into what Mrs. Coulson understood; and, Saltzer drafted both the complaint and the answer which were filed with the court. As appellee notes, Saltzer’s conduct violated DR 5-101, DR 5-105(A), (B) and (C), and EC 5-14, -15 and -16 of the Code of Professional Responsibility.1
Based on this record the trial court did not abuse its discretion in finding that a fraud had been perpetrated on the court.
Appellant also argues that even if appellee has stated an actionable cause for fraud upon the court, the motion, which was filed nearly twenty-seven months after the journal entry, was not filed within a “reasonable time.” The evidence surrounding the fraud upon the court, as construed by the trier of fact is sufficient to support the conclusion that appellee’s motion was filed within a reasonable time. Cf. Wright, supra.
Appellant further contends that the principles of res judicata barred the lower court from considering the subject motion, after having rejected two prior Civ. R. 60(B) motions. In support of this contention, appellant relies on Brick Processors, Inc. v. Culbertson (1981), 2 Ohio App. 3d 478, wherein the court stated in paragraph one of the syllabus:
“When a motion to vacate or for relief from judgment has been denied, principles of res judicata prevent relief on successive, similar motions raising issues which were or could have been raised originally.”
Although res judicata is applicable to Civ. R. 60(B) motions, the court of appeals below concluded that the principles set forth in Brick Processors, Inc., supra, were inapplicable to the case at bar for two reasons. First, the subject motion did not rephrase issues previously raised. The prior motions sought relief from judgment on purely procedural grounds, wholly distinguishable from the contents of the subject motion. Second, the court of appeals concluded, and the record supports this conclusion, that it is not clear whether appellee knew the extent of the fraud upon the court when the previous motions were filed. The court of appeals properly concluded that res judicata does not bar a subsequent motion for relief from judgment when the subsequent motion is based on different facts, asserts different grounds for relief, and “it is not certain that * * * [the] issue ‘could have been raised’ in the prior motions.”
Accordingly, we hold that pursuant to Civ. R. 60(B)(5) a court in appropriate circumstances may vacate a judgment vitiated by a fraud upon the court. We further hold that when an attorney files and signs a divorce complaint, purporting to represent the plaintiff in the action even though he drafted the complaint and accompanying separation agreement at the direction of and upon the terms dictated by the defendant in the same action, and he represents to the court that he is plaintiff’s counsel and that the separa*18tion agreement, which he had not examined for fairness and equity, is fair and equitable, and the court, in reliance on these representations, proceeds to approve the divorce and incorporate the separation agreement into the judgment, which it would not have done had it known of the arrangement between the attorney and the defendant, the attorney perpetrates a fraud upon the court, and a trial court does not abuse its discretion in granting relief from judgment pursuant to Civ. R. 60(B)(5).2
Judgment affirmed.
Celebrezze, C.J., Holmes, C. Brown and J. P. Celebrezze, JJ., concur. W. Brown, and Locher, JJ., concur in judgment only.Saltzer is no longer practicing law, having resigned in 1977.
Although the instant case was certified to this court on conflict grounds, neither of the conflict cases involved specific allegations of fraud upon the court. Our judgment today, therefore, does not disturb, and is not a repudiation of, the courts of appeals’ holdings in Cautela Bros. and Laughlin, supra.