— The land in controversy is situated in the Columbia river three or four hundred yards from its south bank and near its confluence with the Willamette. An island called Pearcy’s island lies in the Columbia river just below the land in dispute. This island was surveyed by the United States, and the plaintiff duly acquired the title of the United States thereto under the donation law. The land in controversy is situated at the upper end of Pearcy’s island; and consists of a sandbar which has been slowly increasing in size for a great many years, until a considerable part of it is now covered with a growth of willow and cottonwood, and it yields grass. Pearcy’s settlement was in 1851, and before the land was surveyed. Not far from the same time William Bybee and James Bybee each made a settlement on separate parcels of land lying on the south bank of the Columbia river and bordering thereon. These settlements were also under the donation law, and in due time their titles were perfected by final proof and the issuance of patents to the respective claimants. These claims are opposite to the land in controversy. The defendant Adams has succeeded to all the rights of James Bybee in the lands patented to him as a donation claim. William Bybee claims so much of this *387sand bar as lies in front of his claim as an accretion thereto, and Adams sets np the same claim to all lying in, front of the James Bybee claim, while the plaintiff Pearcy claims the entire bar as an accretion to his island claim. So far these conflicting claims all turn upon questions of fact which must be determined by the evidence. The plaintiff rests his claim on the fact that this alluvion formed at the head of his island and connected itself therewith and thereby became a part of said island. There is what is called a depression at the head of the island several feet below the surface of the accretion, on the bottom of which grass and some willows grow; and fpr a long time, unless the water was very low, there was water in this depression, and in the earlier years of the settlement of the country this depression formed a channel through which water craft often passed. It is being constantly filled up, however, by natural causes, so that it now produces some vegetation.
The claim of the defendants Wm. Bybee and Park Adams is about as follows: That at the time of the settlement of Wm. Bybee and James Bybee upon their donation land claims, the sand bar in dispute was formed in front of their respective land claims, and was connected with the shore at the upper and lower ends thereof; that it continued to form and rise above the water constantly thereafter until the water which was then between this bar and the shore had so far receded that at low water a person could pass dry-shod from the shore to the sand bar. All the parties claim to have been in possession ever since the time of their respective settlements, using the same mainly for pasturage* Under these facts, the defendants claim the sand bar as alluvion attached to the shore and as an accretion to their lands respectively. On all of these questions the evidence is very conflicting; though this conflict may be more apparent than real. Time and tides have wrought many changes in the formation and location of the bars and channels about this island in the last twenty-five or thirty years. No doubt the witnesses narrated events as they now remem*388ber them, and the changes occurring by natural causes would account for many of the apparent discrepancies. However this may be, it seems hardly practicable to decide the disputed questions of fact so as to fully sustain the contention of any of the parties. ■ If full credit be given to all of the plaintiff’s witnesses, and assuming the facts are as his evidence tends to prove them to be, then his contention is made out and his right to the sand bar in question is established. On the other hand, assuming that the defendants’ witnesses are to receive full credit and that the facts are as narrated by them, then the plaintiff’s case is met and overthrown, and the defendants would be entitled to the premises in dispute or a considerable portion thereof.
We have no means of determining these disputed questions of fact otherwise than by attentively weighing and considering the testimony of the witnesses, and we have seen that amidst this conflict it is impossible to determine just where the truth lies. The plaintiff’s assertion of title to this land commenced earlier than the defendant’s, and he has exercised greater control over it, and amidst the conflict and doubt surrounding the case a somewhat stronger equity seems to be with him in the evidence. We have therefore concluded to quiet his title to one-half of the land in controversy, lying immediately above what is known as Pearey’s island and abutting thereon, and the other half thereof to the defendants.
A decree will therefore be entered here to that effect, and the cause will be remanded to the court below with directions to cause the lines to be marked and ascertained, and if the defendants desire it, the half decreed to them may also be partitioned and set apart by the court below, at the same time, to be held by the defendants respectively in severalty.
These conclusions lead to a reversal of the decree of the court below. Neither party will recover costs against the other, either in this court or the trial court.