*217Argued' October 15, decided October 21, 1913.
On the Merits.
(135 Pac. 902.)
Statement by Mr. Justice Burnett.
This is a suit by tbe state, on relation of Gale S. Hill, district attorney, to enjoin the defendant, Ben W. Olcott, as Secretary of State, from printing on tbe official ballot for tbe special election to be held in November of tbe present year tbe ballot title for tbe referendum of what is known as the Workmen’s Compensation Act. It is stated that a petition for tbe referendum purporting to contain tbe signatures of 7,086 voters of tbe state was presented to tbe defendant in bis official capacity; that be refused to file tbe same until after be bad stricken therefrom 610 names which be deemed to be invalid as petitioners; and that as thus amended be has filed tbe petition and will cause tbe act to be submitted to tbe electors at tbe special election mentioned. Tbe validity of tbe petition is then challenged in several particulars hereinafter noticed. All the allegations of tbe petition are admitted by tbe answer, except those attacking tbe petition itself, and these are denied. Prom a decree dismissing tbe suit, tbe plaintiff appeals. Affirmed.
Por appellant there was a brief over tbe names of ilir. Ernest B. Bingo and Mr. Gale S. Hill, with an oral argument by Mr. Bingo.
Por respondent there wás a brief over tbe names of Mr. Andrew M. Crawford, Attorney General, and Sargent & Swope, with oral arguments by Mr. Crawford and Mr. H. K. Sargent.
Mr. Justice Burnettdelivered the opinion of the court.
The evidence in the case is very meager, none being offered by the defendant. Much of it was afterward obviated by a stipulation relating to four signatures of women made by men of their families and another name of a petitioner who resided in Washington, making a total deduction of five. The remainder of the testimony relates to street numbers in Portland. One witness relates, for instance, that on the morning of the hearing he investigated as to certain numbers on streets in the city of Portland and found as an-example that No. 72% Second Street was the office of a firm of wholesale' liquor dealers. No application of this testimony is made to any name appearing on the face of the petition. Another witness testified to what appeared to be numbers on certain maps of the City of Portland made in 1895, but the maps themselves are not in evidence, and the witness did not pretend to speak of his personal knowledge but only of what the maps contained. The testimony offered, aside from the facts stipulated, throws no light on the real question of whether the' petitioners gave their addresses . correctly. No attack is made upon the genuineness of any signature.
It is stated in the complaint “that 300 of the alleged signers of said petition have knowingly signed said petition twice and said signatures are therefore illegal and void.”
1. No testimony is given on this point and we are left wholly to inspection of the petition to determine the question. It is made a crime by the statute for a person to intentionally sign a referendum petition twice. It is presumed that a. person is innocent of a crime or wrong, and likewise identity of person is *219presumed from identity of name: Section 799, subds. 1, 25, L. O. L. These presumptions are of equal weight under the statute and in this instance would balance each other, so that, if the plaintiff upon whom the burden of proof rests would prevail, some other testimony must be produced to show that in fact the same person in the instances mentioned signed the petition more than once.
2. It is urged also “that approximately 200 additional signatures on said petition are illegal and void for the reason that they are illegible.” There is no standard of excellence in penmanship established by the statute qualifying a voter to sign a referendum petition, and besides, as before stated, the genuineness of the signature is not attacked. The right of a petitioner to order the referendum cannot be made to "depend upon the ability or inability of any person to read the signature. Many of our best citizens habitually sign their names in a form illegible to anyone not familiar with the writing, and it would be unreasonable to deny such voters the right of referendum because of their chirographical idiosyncrasies.
It is further contended “that 393 of the names on said petition are either omitted entirely from the verification thereof or are incorrectly given in said verification and said names are therefore illegal and void.” Much of this objection depends upon the ability of one examining the petition to read the names, and in nearly all these instances the comparison of the name in the affidavit of verification with the corresponding name on the petition leads to the conclusion that the person writing the affidavit might be correct in his translation of the signature or be innocently misled as to its true reading. It must be borne in mind that signatures are the most difficult of all manuscripts to read because there is no context to aid the reader. Many of these *220names objected to under alt the plaintiff’s allegations also are included in those rejected by the defendant.
3. It is also.alleged “that 4,861 of the alleged signers of said petition are not registered voters of the State of Oregon and are therefore not entitled to vote on said measure and are not valid petitioners.” The Constitution does not require that petitioners for the referendum of a bill shall be registered voters. It is said: “The second power is the referendum, and it may be ordered * * either by the petition signed by five per cent, of the legal voters, or by the legislative assembly, as other bills are enacted.” It has been settled by this court in Woodward v. Barbur, 59 Or. 70 (116 Pac. 101), that it is not essential that a petitioner for the referendum or initiative of a measure shall be a registered voter. If it be true that the petitioner is a legal voter, he is competent to sign such petitions.
4. Many other hypercritical objections are urged against the validity of the petition. They are too numerous to notice in detail without exceeding the limits of an ordinary opinion. They are based mainly on the absence of street addresses and clerical differences between the names in affidavits of verification and the signature to the petition; but in our judgment they are cured by the saving clause in Section 3473, L. O..L.: “The forms herein given are not mandatory, and if substantially followed in any petition it shall be sufficient, disregarding clerical and merely technical errors.”
5. Bearing in mind that the verity of the names is not questioned, but only the faults in designation of street residences in the main are urged, we think sufficient is shown on an inspection of the petition to justify the action of the defendant in filing the petition and in his intended certification of the ballot title. We *221are much influenced in this conclusion by the fact that it is the duty of the defendant in his official capacity to determine in the first instance by an inspection of the petition whether or not the signatures are genuine and are regularly authenticated. The presumption is that he has performed his duty properly, and we are not disposed to dispute his conclusion on a mere inspection of the petition, and this is substantially all the data afforded us in the investigation.
The decree of the Circuit Court is affirmed.
Affirmed.