delivered the opinion of the court.
1. From a careful reading of the evidence we find, ■as did the learned trial judge, that the agreement was made between plaintiff and Charles H. Campbell as alleged in plaintiff’s complaint; that it was mutually agreed between the parties to the lease that plaintiff should receive a reasonable compensation for the work to be done by him in summer-fallowing that portion of the land which was not in crop during the season of 1916, and that it was not agreed nor understood that he should furnish seed to sow the summer-fallow during the fall of 1916 for the 1917 crop; that by mistake of the scrivener the writing failed to express the contract as made. The terms of the lease were stated to the plaintiff by Mr. Charles H. Campbell when the former was first at his place for the purpose of renting the land and purchasing the personal property. Defendant Charles A. Campbell testified to the effect that he was present during the preliminary negotia*473.tions on the front poreh and also at the time of the second conversation, when Mr. J. K. Bott and Mr. Grover were there. As to what was said at the second meeting about the lease, he stated:
“The lease was to be made for five years and they were to give one third of the crop in the warehouse; they agreed to the whole substance of it.”
To the question: “Was there anything said at that time about the terms of it that you recall?” he answered, “No, sir.” He further stated the substance of the conversation about the equipment, and that that was the extent of the conversation there that day; that he was present all the time when. Bott was there with his father. On cross-examination he testified in part that a few days before the lease was drawn this conversation was held—
“around the place, part of it in the house and part of it around the machine-shed and barn; they walked around.
“Q. Was there anything said about the general terms of the lease of the farming lands?
“A. No, sir.
“Q. Where was that discussed about the farming lands?
“A. About the. terms of the lease, it was discussed a few days before that when Mr. N. K. Bott came down to see about renting the place.
“Q. But on that date what was discussed, or was anything said about the lease that day?
“A. There was nothing said about the lease at all that day.
“Q. Was anything said at all about the farming lands that day when Mr. Grover was there?
“A. No, sir; it was all about the outfit that was talked about that day.”
The witness stated that if the summer-fallow was mentioned it was somewhere else; that about a weék *474before tbis time, when N. K. Bott was first there, the conditions of the lease (as above stated) were mentioned, and “there was nothing said about the summer-fallow; he bought the summer-fallow at $5 an acre and that is all'there was about it”; that the summer-fallow was on a list with the outfit, 500 acres at $5 an acre. He continued:
“My father said to him he should leave the ground plowed the last year; that is all there was said. * *
“Q. Was there anything said about whether he was to get any pay for it or not?
“A. No, sir; there was nothing said either way. * * He [plaintiff] said he would plow the land the last year of the lease, the last year he was there.
“Q. Did that mean all the land, he was to plow all the land the last year, or did he say what he meant?
“A. It was not said but it was taken for granted that he would plow the part which was in stubble. * *
“Q. Wasn’t it also taken for granted, if there was any summer-fallow left there, a reasonable price was to be paid for it? (Objection by counsel and ruling by the court.)
“Q. Do you know whether that was taken for granted or not from the course of the conversation you heard there?
“A. I thought it was.”
Mrs. Harriet Campbell, widow of the lessor, testified to the conversation on the front porch the first time that plaintiff came there to rent the place, and stated: “They didn’t come to any definite conclusion the first time about all of the details, but it was afterward,” that she did not hear all the conversation between the parties at the second meeting, but that a definite bargain was made the second time the parties were there. The only effect of the evidence of Mrs. Campbell and Charles A. Campbell is that they did not hear the agreement as to the extra work. Mr. C. A. *475Campbell thinks he was present all the time during the two conversations. N. K. Bott is corroborated by the positive testimony of J. K. Bott, his father, and of A. L. Grover, a disinterested witness, to the effect that Mr. Charles H. Campbell stated that when he came back he wanted the summer-fallow left on the place, and that he would pay the customary price for such work. The whole proposition appears to have been accepted by plaintiff with that understanding. No one heard anything said about Bott furnishing seed for seeding the land after the lease expired. The lease was drawn by a layman who apparently was unaccustomed to such work and unfamiliar with the usual manner of raising wheat in that locality. The instrument is a novelty in that according to its stipulations:
The lessee “agrees that he will cultivate and summer fallow the said lands each year during the life of this contract, and will summer-fallow the land during the last year of said contract; the work to be done in a good and husbandlike manner, and will furnish all seed necessary to sow the same, and that prior to sowing said lands he will keep the same free and clear from weeds. Said second party agrees to cut, thrash and take care of said crop so grown on said lands, in proper season, and that he will deliver to the said first party, one third of the grain so grown at the warehouse designated by the said first party, free of all expense to the said first party, as soon as the grain is thrashed, said second party to furnish all new sacks for all the grain so grown. * * ”
It was well known that no crops could be raised during the time the land was in summer-fallow; therefore the parties proceeded with that understanding. Plaintiff cultivated and raised crops upon about one half of the land, and plowed and summer-fallowed the other half each year for four years, and paid defendants their portion of the crop, which was accepted without *476question. Except for the last year of the term when only one half of'the land would ordinarily be in crop, the language of this part of the writing is immaterial. The evidence plainly shows that one half of the land was agreed to be summer-fallowed and one half sowed to a crop each year, and that as the lease would practically expire as to that part of the land which was in crop in 1915, during that fall or one year before plaintiff’s interest in the other half would cease. Mr. Campbell promised to pay a reasonable price for summer-fallowing that portion during the season of 1916.
2. It is contended on behalf of defendants that the testimony of J. K. Bott and A. L. Grover as to the conditions of the lease stated by Mr. Campbell is incompetent to prove the actual contract; that such statements were mere negotiations leading up to the making of the agreement, which was effected when the lease was signed. However, the testimony leads us to believe that the contract was perfected at the time the parties met on the premises when J. K. Bott and A. L. Grover were there, and they talked over and agreed upon all the details. The only thing remaining was to reduce the agreement to writing. There was a meeting of the minds of the contracting parties. The error in reducing the agreement to writing occurred in the ordinary way, and without the particular fault or negligence of either party. Both appeared to understand that the written memorandum expressed the stipulations made between them.
3. Where one of the contracting parties is deceased,in order to reform a written memorandum of the stipulations executed by them, the evidence should be carefully scrutinized, and found to be convincing and to. clearly show the contract as actually made by the parties, and that a mutual mistake has been made in *477reducing the agreement to writing, and that the instrument does not express the contract as intended: Le-high Coal etc. Co. v. Central R. Co. of N. J., 41 N. J. Eq. 167 (3 Atl. 134, 137); Hawkins v. Doe, 60 Or. 437, 445 (119 Pac. 754, Ann. Cas. 1914A, 765). The testimony in the present case complies with this rule in a full measure. All agree that the writing in question is erroneous in respects other than as to the portion about which there is a controversy. It was read over to the parties, and no one suspects that it was not correctly read; therefore no negligence can be predicated upon the fact that the plaintiff did not read it himself until about four years afterward.
The language of the instrument is so general that it is not at all strange that it was not understood by the parties. It shows that there was a special agreement in regard to the summer-fallowing to be done during the season of 1916. This was quite a large amount of work, a season’s plowing of 500 acres, and the writing, in any event, should have specified at whose expense it was to be done, instead of being left out. As we understand the document, instead of the oral evidence contradicting its terms, it merely supplies a portion of the agreement which was not reduced to writing. The imperfection of the instrument, a part of which is admitted, lessens its evidentiary force and value. The writing is not the contract. It is merely evidence thereof.
It is inconceivable that N. K. Bott, a young man just starting on a business venture of five years’ duration, should assent to doing extra plowing and cultivating to the amount of about $2,500 when he was to get no part of the crop prepared for, without talking the matter over with his prospective landlord. It was perfectly in keeping with the usual business methods that *478the matter should he discussed, just as Mr. J. K. Bott and A. L. Grover testify was done. They were both familiar with such farming arrangements, and Mr. Bott, was, no doubt, interested for his son; in fact acted in his behalf in making a part of the deal. The integrity of neither of these two men is questioned. We have-no doubt that the contract was made in regard to the-compensation for the summer-fallow in 1916, as asserted by plaintiff and these two witnesses, when the-evidence is considered in the light of all the attending circumstances, and that by mistake of the scrivener the written lease failed to record the agreement as made, or as the parties thereto intended. In 2 Pom. Eq. Juris., § 859, the general rule is announced as follows :
“It is therefore settled that in the suits, whenever permitted, to reform a written instrument on the-ground of a mutual mistake, parol evidence is always, admissible to establish the fact of the mistake, and in what it consisted, and to show how the writing should be corrected in order to conform to the agreement which the parties actually made. * * The court may grant relief upon the strength of the verbal evidence-alone. * * The authorities all require that the parol evidence of the mistake and of the alleged modification must be most clear and convincing, in the language-of some judges, ‘the strongest possible,’ or else the-mistake must be admitted by the opposite party; the-resulting proof must be established beyond a reasonable doubt. Courts of equity do not grant the high remedy of reformation upon a probability, nor even upon a mere preponderance of evidence, but only upon: a certainty of the error.”
In Smith v. Interior Warehouse Co., 51 Or. 578, at page 581 of the opinion (94 Pac. 508, 509, 95 Pac. 499), it is stated:
“There can be no dispute as to the law that equity will entertain jurisdiction to reform a contract on the *479ground of mistake; but, to entitle plaintiff to such' relief, tbe mistake must be shown by satisfactory proof, and that it was mutual: Stein v. Phillips, 47 Or. 545 (84 Pac. 793).”
When a mistake or imperfection of a written instrument is put in issue by the pleadings, oral evidence of the agreement as actually made is permissible under Section 713, L. O. L., as between the parties or their representatives or successors in interest.
Let us contract the clause in regard to the work during the last year with the following specifications found in the latter part of the lease:
“The party of the first part agrees to furnish at the town of Helix all posts and wire necessary to keep the fences on the premises in a good state of repair; it being understood that the party of the second part is to furnish the labor without expense to the party of the first part.”
It is easy to conjecture the reason for such an exact stipulation in relation to an outlay of a very few dollars and a little labor in repairing the fences each year when a matter of plowing and cultivation at an expense of some $2,500 for a crop to be raised after the lease would expire is couched in a dozen words. The clause in regard to fencing is very common, and it was handy for an amateur to obtain a form for the same, while it was necessary to write the agreement in regard to the work of summer-fallowing as an original, without the assistance of a form.
4. While there is a chance for controversy as to the seed for sowing the land during the fall of 1916, from an examination of the agreement, the substance of which, in so far as it relates to that matter, is set out above, we very much doubt if the stipulation should be so construed as to require the lessee to furnish seed after the expiration of the lease. Taking the docu*480ment by its four comers, it is clear that Bott was td have possession of the land for five years and raise five crops thereon, furnishing seed to sow the same. Looking at the second paragraph quoted above, we find. that he agrees to care for and harvest the grain so grown and deliver to the lessor one third thereof. There is just as much room for contention that Bott should have a portion of the crop sown in 1916, and that the lessor should have only one. third thereof, as that the lessee should be required to furnish grain to seed the land after his term had expired, for a crop to be raised in 1917 in which he was not to share. It .seems to us, rather, that the lease terminates on September 19, 1916, and that the clause, “will furnish all seed necessary to sow the same,” means that the lessee should furnish necessary seed for sowing the lands each year during the five years. The evidence clearly shows that such was the agreement. The finding of the trial court amounts to the same thing as the construction we have given the written memorial.
It follows that the decree of the lower court should be affirmed; and it is so ordered. Affirmed.