Denied April 22, 1919.
On Petition for Rehearing.
(180 Pac. 103.)
Former decision adhered to. Rehearing Denied.
Mr. W. L. Cooper, for the petition.
Mr. J. Leroy Smith and Mr. J. M. Hiclcson, contra.
In Bane.
BURNETT, J.In his petition for rehearing the plaintiff criticises the opinion written by Mr. Justice Benson which stated in substance that this was an action to recover upon an account stated, in which the defendant answered denying the complaint and pleading three separate counterclaims and that the action resulted in a judgment for the defendant on the pleadings. In substance, the critique is that inasmuch as there was present the general issue arising from the denial in the answer and there was a recital in the *125judgment that a witness was sworn and testified, there must have been a trial of an issue of fact and hence the opinion was erroneous in stating that the result was a judgment on the pleadings.
The opinion did not attempt to say whether the disposition of the case by the original trial court was correct or not; it simply stated the fact which the record discloses. It may be true that there was an issue of fact involved, and it may be true also, as stated in the journal entry of the District Court, that a witness was sworn and testified, but it also appears that there was in that court a motion for a judgment on the pleadings and that the court placed its decision upon the ground that the plaintiff had refused to reply to the counterclaim. A judgment was thereupon rendered for the full amount of the defendant’s counterclaim, a result that could be achieved only by considering the proceeding as a motion for judgment on the pleadings. Whether it was correct or erroneous was not the question presented for our consideration.
What we undertook to decide and did decide was that under the statute, Section 605, L. O. L., the writ of review and the remedy by appeal are concurrent, so that if a litigant is dissatisfied with the result of a case in an inferior court he may choose either of the two remedies as he may be advised, but having made his election it amounts to a waiver of the other proceeding.
The precedents cited by the plaintiff in his petition for rehearing, viz., Schirott v. Phillippi, 3 Or. 484, Evans v. Christian, 4 Or. 375, Sellers v. Corvallis, 5 Or. 273, and Ramsey v. Pettengill, 14 Or. 207 (12 Pac. 439), were all decided before the legislation embodied in the present form of Section 605, conberning which the learned annotator of Lord’s Oregon Laws says:
*126“The amendment of this section in 1889, making the writ concurrent with the right of appeal, makes it unnecessary to annotate the eases with respect to that question under the old statute.”-
As shown by the exemplification of the writ of review attached to the petition, for rehearing and the abstract the chronology of the proceeding is this: Plaintiff’s demurrer to the counterclaim was overruled November 2d; the trial and final judgment on the pleadings, as stated above, occurred November 12th; the writ of review was sued out November 20th; and the appeal was allowed December 5th; all in the year 1917. The cause was ripe for either appeal or review when final judgment was entered in the District Court.
2. If the plaintiff had been content only to appeal from the final judgment of the District Court, he might have raised in the Circuit Court all the questions of law he urged by demurrer to the answer and secured, as well, a determination of the issue of fact arising from the traverse of his complaint. The reason for this statement is found in Section 556, L. O. L., which declares that
“Upon an appeal from the judgment of a County Court or Justice’s Court, the action shall be tried anew, upon substantially the issues tried in the court fyelow. ’ ’
3,4. These may be issues of law, as upon demurrer to a pleading, or issues of fact, as upon denial of a pleading, all of which may be determined upon appeal to the Circuit Court, while only issues of law may be decided on a writ of review. It would lead to endless confusion if a litigant could review part of a proceeding of an inferior court and appeal from the remainder. All the statute has done is to make the two remedies concurrent, thus giving a party his choice *127between the two. But the legislature has not made them cumulative and hence the choice of one is a waiver of the other. If the aggrieved party takes out a writ of review, he abandons his contention about the facts and stakes his case on the issues of law. The plaintiff had clearly elected to proceed by review for the correction of the errors of which he complained. Having thus elected it put the quietus upon his subsequent appeal for the correction of the same errors of law as well as upon his issues of fact.
We adhere to the former decision.
Affirmed. Rehearing Denied.
McBride, C. J., and Bean and Bennett, JJ., concur.