Affirmed January 6, 1920.
On the Merits.
(186 Pac. 32.)
Department 2.
Chester V. Dolph, an attorney at law, brings this action against Harriet P. Speckart to recover for personal services, pursuant to a written contract. A verdict was rendered in favor of plaintiff and from a judgment thereon defendant appeals.
*556Several years before entering into this contract defendant bad been left a considerable amount of property by her deceased father, Adolph Speckart, who died in Butte, Montana, in 1903, leaving a will by which he devised and bequeathed one third of Ms property to his widow, one third to defendant and the remaining one third to Ms son. The shares of the defendant and the son, who were then minors, were to be paid to them when they became twenty-one years of age. They had arrived at that age prior to making this contract. The estate had never been settled nor the defendant’s share paid to her. The defendant’s mother was appointed executrix of the will of Adolph Speckart and completely administered the estate in Butte, Montana, several years prior to the execution of this contract. Some time before January, 1907, the defendant had demanded from her mother and her uncle, Leopold F. Schmidt, who was the adviser of her mother, her share of the estate. This demand was not complied with, but the uncle, Leopold F. Schmidt, was appointed administrator of the estate of Adolph Speckart, in Olympia, Washington. While these proceedings 'were pending plaintiff and defendant, on November 28, 1906, entered into a contract for the employment of the plaintiff as defendant’s attorney. Under this contract the plaintiff performed services of the value of $128.50, as claimed in the first cause of action. TMs is admitted by defendant and there is no issue concerning the same.
On January 12, 1907, plaintiff and defendant entered into another written contract reciting that: The plaintiff desired her attorney to obtain an amicable settlement of defendant’s inheritance from the estate of her deceased father, and oppose a distribution of *557the estate until such amicable settlement could be obtained, and then providing in part, as follows:
“Now therefore in consideration of the services to be rendered the party of the second part by the party of the first part, in the matter of said administration in said Thurston County, the party of the second part does hereby agree and promise to pay to the party of the first part of all moneys and property which may come to her out of said estate unconditionally and directly, either through said amicable settlement or otherwise, or through said estate in administration in said Superior Court for Thurston County, the following amounts, to wit:
“If there shall be so received by the party of the second part not more than $65,000, the party of the first part shall receive one and one-half per cent; if there be received more than $65,000, and not more than $85,000, the party of the first part shall receive two per cent; if there shall be received' more than $85,000, the party of the first part shall receive two and one-half per cent.”
At the same time Harriet F. Speckart signed a letter of instructions in detail, directing the attorney to go to Olympia and protect her interests and obtain an offer of an amicable settlement, if possible, and also secure information as to the value of her interest in the estate. Thereupon, plaintiff went to Olympia and returned with a proposition of compromise which was refused. On January 22,1907, defendant notified the plaintiff to perform no further services for her and attempted to cancel the contract. The plaintiff refused to consider the contract canceled and notified the defendant that he was ready to perform his part of the same. The defendant employed other attorneys, and in September of that year instituted a suit against her mother and uncle in the United States Circuit Court for the Western Division of the West-*558em District of Washington. In September, 1909, plaintiff brought this action, claiming a commission of two and one-half per cent on $119,500, which he alleged “that defendant has now received, since said agreement of January 12, 1907, unconditionally and directly, money and property which has come to her out of the estate of her deceased father.” The jury allowed the plaintiff the sum of $2,509.14, or two and one-half per cent of the sum of $100,365.60.
Affirmed.
For appellant there was a brief and an oral argument by Mr. E. E. Heckbert.
For respondent there was a brief and an oral argument'by Mr. Henry J. Bigger.
BEAN, J.It is the contention of the defendant that she never received any money or property from her father’s estate, within the meaning of the contract with the plaintiff; that the accounting in the federal court has not been completed and that plaintiff under the terms of the contract is not entitled to any compensation at this time. This question is properly raised by a motion for a nonsuit. While this suit was pending in the federal court, defendant’s mother, on July 20, 1909, deposited in the registry of that court the sum of $67,535.74, pursuant to a stipulation made between the respective counsel of Miss Speck-art and her mother, ¿which is in part as follows:
“Now, therefore, it is hereby stipulated that said defendant Henriette Speckart, will on or before the 1st day of' August, 1909, deposit in said court, all said moneys and other property capable of delivering, which is in part the subject of. litigation herein admitted to belong to the complainant, and which is held by said Henriette Speckart, as trustee for the com*559plainant, pending said litigation, or until further order of court; and it is further stipulated that pending the litigation or further order of court, a monthly allowance of $250 per month, payable on the first day of each month, beginning June 1st, 1907, be paid to the plaintiff out of said fund.”
This stipulation was confirmed by an order of court of the same tenor, July 30, 1909. The testimony in the present case also indicated that, pursuant to the stipulation and the order of the court, defendant’s mother, as trustee, paid into the court on or about July 30, 1909, certificate No. 36, 3,333% shares of the capital stock of the Olympia Brewing Company; certificate No. 74, 2,056% shares of the capital stock of the Salem Brewery Association; certificate No. 74, 4,814% shares of the capital stock of the Belling-ham Bay Brewery; and certificate No. 79,1,051 shares of capital stock of the Acme Brewing Company. The stocks so deposited were one third of the shares held by the trustee in the different corporations, and certificates therefor were issued to Harriet F. Speckart. The testimony therefore tended to show that the title to the stock passed to this defendant; that she was entitled thereafter to the dividends thereon and that she received such dividends and accepted the shares of stock as her property. On September 14, 1909, pursuant to a stipulation of the parties in that suit the court ordered $50,000 of the funds in the registry of the court deposited by Mrs. Speckart, to be paid to the complainant, Harriet F. Speckart, said payment to be “without prejudice to the rights of any of the parties to the litigation herein pending,” it being admitted, as the stipulation recites, “that the complainant is entitled to receive at least the sum of $50,000 of the said funds at this time.” Under these *560stipulations and orders there was paid to the defendant, Harriet F. Speckart, $57,000, besides the deposit of the certificates of shares of stock. Afterwards the United States Circuit Court, preparatory to dismissing the complainant’s bill, ordered the clerk to deliver to Henriette Speckart, the above-mentioned shares of corporation stock and all of the balance of the money on deposit. On account of this order, as we understand, the defendant claims that no right accrued to her by virtue of the shares of stock being deposited in the federal court. That decree, however, was afterwards reversed upon appeal and the cause remanded for the trial court to find the account: Speckart v. Schmidt, 190 Fed. 499 (111 C. C. A. 331).
5. In order to prove the value of the brewery stocks the plaintiff produced evidence of bona fide sales of stock of each of the corporations, during the summer of 1909, which indicated that the stocks had an aggregate value of $43,432.05. Counsel for the defendant objected and excepted to the introduction of such testimony. When it becomes necessary to ascertain the value of articles for which there is no open market, evidence of prices realized at sales of such articles held under conditions calculated to secure adequate returns is admissible, provided that the time of sale is not too remote to raise a logical inference: 16 Cyc. 1141 et seq; 13 Ency. of Ev. 512, 528; Bump v. Cooper, 20 Or. 527 (26 Pac. 848); Chaperon v. Portland Electric Co., 41 Or. 39 (67 Pac. 928); Portland v. Investment Co., 64 Or. 410 (129 Pac. 756). There was no error in admitting such testimony.
In the present case the trial court charged the jury, in effect, that if the plaintiff was at all times ready, able and willing to carry out the contract and was prevented, without his fault, by defendant from doing *561so, then he would be entitled to his compensation. The court said:
“The court further instructs you that the language used in this contract, upon which Dolph seeks to recover, is, namely that ‘The party of the second part does hereby agree and promise to pay to the party of the first part, out of the moneys and property which may come to her out of said estate, unconditionally and directly,’ and the court charges you that if you find from a preponderance of the evidence in the case that she, in the suit brought by her in the federal court in the State of Washington against her mother and uncle, Leopold Schmidt, prior to the commencement of this action, that is prior to September 24, 1909, caused moneys and property from the estate of her father to be deposited in the registry of said court and said moneys and property were admitted to belong to and to be her property, then such of said moneys and property as were so admitted to belong to her and were deposited as her property and came to her within the meaning of the contract as I have outlined to you, then Dolph in this case is entitled to receive his commission thereon as provided in the contract.”
Also:
“You are further instructed if you believe from a preponderance of the evidence in the case that the brewery stocks belonging to her father’s estate and delivered by the defendants in the suit commenced by her, Speckart, as complainant, and against her mother and uncle Schmidt, for an accounting, were at her request deposited in the registry of the court in said cause, with the mutual understanding and agreement between all the parties to said litigation that said stocks belong to her, then in that event said stocks came to the plaintiff within the purview of the contract of January 12, 1907, in litigation herein, and became the property of the defendant constituting an accounting as to said property so deposited, and the *562plaintiff herein would be entitled to his commission thereon as stipulated in the contract. ’ ’
To these instructions exceptions were duly saved by counsel for defendant. Defendant requested the court to instruct the jury that the evidence showed that the plaintiff was not entitled to recover from the defendant under the contract, until the defendant shall have received certain sums of money, or certain, property directly and unconditionally, and that there is no evidence in the case showing that the defendant has so received any money or property. To the refusal to so instruct the jury, counsel for defendant saved an exception.
Upon the trial of the cause defendant offered to prove by the testimony of her attorney, J. W. Bobinson, that the defendant’s mother, at the time of the proceedings in the federal court, contended that the amount of $57,000, which had been paid the defendant under the stipulation of September 13, 1909, and the order of the court of the same date, was not the correct amount and that part of it should be -refunded.
6-9. From an examination of the stipulation and order, quoted in part above, it will be readily seen that the evidence tendered was in direct conflict with the written stipulations of the parties, upon which the order of the court was based. For this reason the trial court properly excluded the testimony. A further reference to the stipulation also discloses that it was plainly agreed, in the federal court, that the complainant therein, Harriet F. Speckart, the defendant herein, was entitled to receive at least $50,000. There is no dispute, as we understand, but that she received at least $7,000, as monthly allowances. The purport of the stipulation was that the $67,535.74 was the largest amount Henriette Speckart represented *563could be allowed her daughter, by the court, but she unreservedly added that her daughter was entitled to receive at least $50,000 from her father’s estate. Should the plaintiff defer his action until the rendition of the account by Henriette Speckart in the federal court is completed, the amount received by defendant might be enlarged. We do not understand that the amount could be reduced below $50,000. The clause contained in the stipulation “said payment to be without prejudice to the rights of any of the parties to this suit,” refers to litigation as to the balance of the fund, and not to the $50,000 paid to defendant nor to the $7,000 paid her as monthly allowances. The court, in effect, so charged the jury and we approve the charge. The learned author of Black’s Law Dictionary defines “without prejudice,” page 1243, as follows:
“Where an offer or admission is made ‘without prejudice,’ or a motion is denied ‘without prejudice,’ it is meant as a declaration that no rights or privileges of the party concerned are to be considered as thereby waived or lost except so far as may be expressly conceded or decided.”
It seems that Henriette Speckart was to deposit the property “admitted to belong to the complainant [Harriet F. Speckart], and which is held by said Henriette Speckart, as trustee for the complainant”; that certificates for the one-third part of the shares of stock, belonging to the estate of the defendant’s father, were issued to Harriet F. Speckart as shown by the books of the several corporations and that dividends were paid thereon and received by defendant. Therefore the jury might fairly infer that such shares of stock were accepted by the defendant as her property. That they were permitted to remain *564in the registry of the court we do not deem material. Such a repository would not change the ownership. This disposition of the shares of'stock, so long as they were the property of the defendant, according to the finding of the jury made pursuant to the tenor of the testimony, was of the same force and effect as though such shares had been lodged in a bank for defendant and the dividends thereon had been credited to her account. The dry wave which has swept over the country renders the consideration as to the brewery stocks something in the nature of a post-mortem examination. Pursuant to the contract made between plaintiff and defendant, in regard to plaintiff’s commission, we think the court was right in admitting testimony as to the value of the stocks at the time they were issued to defendant.
To restate as we read the record, the testimony, if believed by the jury, proved that the defendant, Harriet F. Speckart, received in money and property out of the estate of her deceased father, “unconditionally and directly,” the amount upon which the jury computed the commission of plaintiff.
10-13. Written contracts should be construed from the standpoint of the parties when they were contracting and be so interpreted as to give effect to all the provisions, if possible: Hildebrand v. Bloodsworth, 12 Or. 75 (6 Pac. 233); Arment v. Yamhill County, 28 Or. 474 (43 Pac. 653); Duniway v. Hadley, 91 Or. 343 (178 Pac. 942). A party who has wrongfully broken a contract should not be permitted to reap advantage from his own wrong, by insisting on proof which by reason of his breach is unobtainable: In re Stern, 116 Fed. 604-608 (54 C. C. A. 60); Allen v. Field, 130 Fed. 641-653 (65 C. C. A. 19); Critchfield v. Julia, 147 Fed. 65-73 (77 C. C. A. 297). Where *565one employs an attorney and makes an express valid contract stipulating for the compensation which the attorney is to receive for his services, such contract is, generally speaking, conclusive as to the amount of such compensation. A client has the unquestionable right to terminate the relationship between himself and his attorney, yet where an attorney is prematurely discharged by the client, or is otherwise wrongfully prevented from performing the professional duties for which he was employed, without fault on the part of the attorney, the latter is entitled to compensation. This is so even though the arrangement was for a contingent fee, provided the contingency has happened. The client, by wrongfully preventing the performance of the acts which entitled the attorney to the specific compensation, becomes liable in damages in such amount: 2 R. C. L., p. 1047, § 129, and p. 1049, § 131; 6 C. J., p. 724, § 292; Reynolds v. Clark County, 162 Mo. 680 (63 S. W. 382); Bartlett v. Odd Fellows’ Sav. Bank, 79 Cal. 218 (21 Pac. 743, 12 Am. St. Rep. 139). The motion for a nonsuit was rightly denied.
In the case of Larned v. City of Dubuque, 86 Iowa, 166 (53 N. W. 105), the Supreme Court of Iowa had under consideration a contract similar to the one in the case at bar. That court said:
“The full performance of the contract on the part of intervener was prevented by Mrs. Porter, and she cannot thus rob intervener of the benefits of the contract which would have accrued to him in case he had been permitted to fully perform on his part. Her act in settling with the defendant city was a waiver of her right to insist on the collection of the full amount of the bonds and interest, as a prerequisite to his receiving the compensation provided in the contract.”
*566The testimony indicated and the jury evidently found that full performance of. the contract on the part of the plaintiff was prevented by the defendant. She should not be allowed to thus deprive the plaintiff of the benefits of the contract which would have accrued to him in case he had been permitted to fully perform on his part, as he was ready, able and willing to do: Brodie v. Watkins, 33 Ark. 545 (34 Am. Rep. 49-51); Scheiesohn v. Lemonek, 84 Ohio St. 424 (95 N. E. 913, Ann. Cas. 1912C, 737, and note at page 741). In Webb v. Trescony, 76 Cal. 621 (18 Pac. 796), the court says:
“Where, from the nature of the contract, as in this case, no possible mode is left for ascertaining the damage, we will have presented the anomalous case of a wrong without a remedy, unless we adopt the only measure of damages which remains, and that is the price agreed to be paid.”
This rule is invoked where the defendant not only breaks the contract but also deprives the plaintiff of showing the amount of injury under the general rule. By reason of this, the defendant ought not to complain that a different rule is invoked when it is the only way of making her responsible for her lack of good faith. See, also: Carlisle v. Barnes, 102 App. Div. 573 (92 N. Y. Supp. 917); Coffee v. Meiggs, 9 Cal. 364; Tyler v. March, 1 Day (Conn.), 1; Steinberg v. Gebhardt, 41 Mo. 520; Danley v. Williams, 16 Wis. 581; Moyer v. Cantieny, 41 Minn. 242 (42 N. W. 1060, 1061); Kersey v. Garton, 77 Mo. 645; Shannon v. Comstock, 21 Wend. 457 (34 Am. Dec. 262).
14, 15. It was the duty of the trial court to construe the written stipulation and orders in the federal court pertaining to the matter. This the learned trial judge did and plainly charged the jury in regard thereto. *567The case was fairly submitted to the jury. The jury found for the plaintiff. Under our1 Constitution, where there is any competent evidence to support such a verdict, we are precluded from disturbing the same.
Finding no' error in the record, the judgment of the lower court is affirmed. Affirmed.
McBride, C. J., and Johns and Bennett, JJ., concur.