A certified copy of the patent was admitted in evidence pro forma below, and is now objected to, on the ground that such copies are not embraced within the statutes of the State, or the United States, relating to copies of records as evidence. True it is not—-nor need there be any statute for that purpose, as it is admissible at common law. The power of the government for the disposition of the public lands, has its foundation in the constitution itself. All public acts of Congress for that purpose, and of public officers in their execution, who are required to make and keep public records of their surveys, sales and conveyances, may be competently shown by the public records thus made and kept, or by copies thereof, duly certified by the proper officer under seal of his office. 1 Stark. Ev. 226, 230, 251; 3 Bacon Abrid. tit., Ev. F. p. 533, Ed. 1846; Wickliffe v. Hill, 3 Littell R. 330.
These documents or records cannot be removed without great inconvenience and danger of being lost or damaged, and they may be wanted in two places at the same time. 1 Stark. Ev. 251. See Lynah v. Clerke, 3 Salk. R. 154.
“ The extraordinary degree of confidence thus reposed in such documents, is founded principally upon the circumstance that they have been made by authorized and accredited agents appointed for the purpose, and also on the publicity of the subject matter to which they relate, and in some instances upon their antiquity. Where particular facts are inquired into, and recorded for the benefit of the public, those who are to act in making such investigations and memorials, are in fact the agents of all the individuals who compose the public, and every member of the community may be supposed to be privy to the investigar tion.” Therefore they “ are generally admissible in evidence, although their authenticity be not confirmed by the usual and ordinary tests of truth, the obligation of an oath, and the power of cross-examining of the parties on whose authority the truth of the document depends,” for duly certified copies are admissible as well as sworn copies. 1 Stark. Ev. 230; 1 Greenlf. Ev., Secs. 483, 484, 499, 500, 501; United, States v. Percheman, 7 Pet. R. 85.
The petition for partition, report of commissioners, and decree under which plaintiff derives title, were offered, and excluded, on the ground that the report of the commissioners for partition was not under seal. The act of 1827 directed the proceedings of the commissioners to be returned by them under their hands and seals.” Rev. Laws 1833, p. 239, Sec. 14. In Bledsoe v. Wiley's lessee, 7 Humph. R. 507, such a provision' was held to be directory merely, and an omission of the seal did not vitiate the record of partition. Whatever force this objection might have on appeal or writ of error in the case, we can allow it none as a collateral attack upon such proceedings, which were approved by the court, were spread of record, and confirmed by a decree in partition, which has been acquiesced in and acted upon by the parties to it, for twenty years, so far as anything is shown in the record. Of the same character is the objection to the misdescription of the land in the notice of pub lication, together with all others made to this record.
No greater weight can be allowed the objections to the record of proceedings and decree for the sale oí the lands of Edgar, on the petition of his administrator. The court of Randolph county had jurisdiction under the 98th section of the Statute of Wills of 1829. Rev. Stat. 1833, pp. 644, 645, Secs. 98, 101.
Where the record shows jurisdiction of the subject matter and the person, it is too well settled to require further discus sion, that the judgment of the court cannot be collaterally questioned for errors of substance or form intervening. Buckmaster et al. v. Jackson et al., 3 Scam. R. 104; Swiggert et al. v. Harber et al., 4 Scam. R. 364; Young et al. v. Lorain et al., 11 Ill. R. 624; Buckmaster v. Ryder, 12 Ill. R. 207; Thompson v. Tolmie et al., 2 Pet. R. 157; Voorhees et al. v. Jackson ex dem., 10 Pet. R. 449; Wilcox v. Jackson ex dem., 13 Pet. R. 498; Lessee of Guynore et al. v. Astor et al., 2 How. U. S. R. 319; Wright v. Marsh et al., 2 Green. Iowa R. 94; Doe ex dem. Hain et al. v. Smith, 1 Carter Ia. R. 451; Cole v. Hall, 2 Hill R. 625.
So far as the partition and allotment under, and the deed from the executors of N. Edwards is concerned, there is a link wanting in the chain of evidence, to show any relevancy in these as testimony.
If Ninian Edwards bought the land at Morrison’s sale, and took a deed in the name of Ninian W. Edwards, and the lands were devised to the executors, then these additional facts are necessary to show that title was derivable through a partition amongst his heirs, and the deed of his executors. As the record stands, these portions of the evidence appear wholly irrelevant.
Judgment reversed and cause remanded for new trial.
Judgment reversed.