delivered the opinion of the Court:
In March, 1869, appellee sold to At he It. Curtis, a son of appellant, a half section of land, for the sum of $11,840, of which he paid $3000 at the time, leaving a balance of $8840, for which sum notes were given, falling due at different dates, and a trust deed given on the lands to secure the purchase money. Between 150 and 160 acres of this land was timbered, and A the quit-claimed the land to his father, who proposed to sell the timber without the land, to provide means to meet his son’s notes. With a view to such a sale, he had the timber land surveyed and platted and advertised for sale, in lots, at auction.
On the day of sale, appellee objected, but appellant, to enable it to proceed, gave to appellee a trust deed on his own farm: to “the amount of $3000, to indemnify him against loss by the sale and removal of the timber thus advertised for sale. Appellee then announced his consent that the sale might proceed. On that and a subsequent day to which the sale was adjourned, there was sold the timber on 83 acres, at an average of $26.52-J- per acre, making, in the aggregate, $2201.16; but appellee subsequently enjoined the further sale of the timber.
After Athe’s trust deed fell due, and no portion of it being paid, appellee sold the land described in the deed for $6278 over expenses, leaving a balance due him of $4936, or near that sum. Appellee thereupon filed this bill to ascertain the amount of damage he had sustained, and to subject appellant’s land described in his trust deed to sale, for the payment of the amount thus found. On a hearing, the court below found that appellee had sustained damage to the amount of $3500, and decreed the sale of a sufficient amount of the land to pay the same, from which defendant appeals.
It is true, in this case, that appellant gave his note to appellee for $3000, drawing ten per cent interest, and due in two years, and executed the trust deed to secure its payment; but it is also true that appellant, at the time, owed appellee nothing. They were executed as collateral security to the indebtedness of' Athe B-. Curtis, and for the sole purpose of indemnifying appellee from loss by the sale of timber from the lands mortgaged by Athe to appellee. Then, what should be the measure of the damages in foreclosing this deed of trust? Is it the amount of the note and interest, or is it the actual damage sustained by appellee? Manifestly the latter! Suppose appellant had sold none of the timber, would any one contend that appellee could have foreclosed for anything? Surely not, because there would have been a failure or want of consideration to support the transaction. Or suppose but an acre of the timber had been sold, could it be held that appellant would have become liable to pay the whole note, with the accruing interest? Clearly not, because it would have been contrary to the intention of the parties, which was not to create a penalty, but to indemnify against loss. Hence the consideration supporting the transaction was the loss sustained by appellee, not on the sale of the lands embraced in Athe’s deed of trust, but the depreciation in its value by the removal of the timber from that land. There can be no question that such was the intention of the parties.
Had appellant given a penal bond in the same sum to indemnify appellee against loss by the removal of this timber, what would have been the measure of damages? Obviously the loss that was sustained by reason of its removal, and not the deficiency in their sale to meet the indebtedness of Athe ; and the present transaction, although in a different form, only in substance amounts to such a bond of indemnity, and the measure of damages should be the same.
Then, what is the true measure of damages in this case? Is it the sum of money for which the timber sold, or was it what the witnesses say the land was worth with the timber standing, after deducting the value of the land ? Even if the latter proposition were adopted, still, in the great conflict of evidence, it is impossible to say that there was any loss to appellee beyond what the timber actually sold for at the sale. The evidence varies largely as to the value of the land without the timber, as it does with the timber standing. Some of appellee’s witnesses fix the value per acre, with the timber, at from $55 to $60, and after it was removed, at from $7 to $10 per acre. On the other hand, witnesses fix the value, with the timber, at from $30 to $40 per acre, and without it, at from $10 to $12; and they generally place the value of the timber alone at from $25 to $30 per acre.
In this conflict of evidence, it would seem that the timber sold for all that it was worth. It appears that at the first sale there were near a hundred persons present, and at the latter about sixty, and the bidding active and spirited; nor does it appear that there was anything unfair in the mode of conducting the sale. As a general rule, the price brought at such sales is regarded as the value of the article sold, and it requires strong and satisfactory evidence to overcome it, which has not, we think, been produced in this case.
Nor is it shown that the sale of this timber depreciated the balance of the mortgaged premises; nor can we see how it could. They seem to be valuable for the purposes of cultivation, and if so, then all they require is only sufficient timber to furnish fuel and repairs to the farm, and there is no evidence showing that enough was not left to answer these purposes; and there is nothing to show that the land denuded of the timber would not be valuable, in connection with the farm land, for purposes of pasturage, to a large, if not an equal, extent, as had it remained timber.
All the evidence considered^ we are of opinion the proper measure of damages is the price for which the timber was sold, and that all appellant was required to pay above and beyond that sum was erroneous, and that the decree must be reversed and the cause remanded.
Decree reversed.