City of Chicago v. Sherman

Mr. Justice Hand

delivered the opinion of the court:

The first cross-error assigned is, that the county court erred in overruling the motion to dismiss the petition. We do not agree with such contention. The record in Gorton v. City of Chicago, 201 Ill. 534, is the same as the record in this case so far as it applies to the original assessment, with the exception that when the confirmation judgment was reversed and remanded and the cause re-instated in the county court, no attempt was made to review in this court the action of the county court in dismissing the petition. The judgment of this court in the Sherman case added no force to the judgment of the county court, it being simply an affirmance of the judgment of that court. If a supplemental petition could be properly filed in the Gorton case, we can see no reason why this petition was not properly filed. To the same effect is the case of City of Chicago v. Hulbert, 205 Ill. 346. We regard the question settled by those cases, and it need not here be further considered.

It is also assigned as cross-error that the county court erred in holding the supplemental ordinance valid, notwithstanding said ordinance failed to correct the errors of the original ordinance in describing the nature, character, locality and description of the improvement. The evidence shows, and the county court found, that the ordinance provided the improvement should be paid for by special assessment; that the improvement had been constructed in good faith under a contract let by the city, and that said improvement had been accepted by the city before the new ordinance was passed. In the Hulbert case it was held the fact that the ordinance for a new assessment for completed work does not cure defects as to matters of description of the improvement contained in the original ordinance will not defeat the new assessment when the city has accepted the work as satisfactory; that in such case the new ordinance need not describe the work in detail. To the same effect is Markley v. City of Chicago, 190 Ill. 276.

It is further assigned as cross-error that the court erred in finding that the improvement was actually constructed in good faith, for the reason that the evidence shows said improvement was poorly and improperly constructed. In view of the holding of this court in People v. Whidden, 191 Ill. 374, and other cases, it cannot be successfully contended that a special assessment can be defeated on the ground that the improvement was poorly or improperly constructed unless the evidence shows there was such a departure as to make the improvement constructed a different improvement from that provided for by the original ordinance. The evidence in this record shows that at the time of the trial the improvement had been in use six years and that it was then in a fair condition, and we are forced to the conclusion, from what the witnesses stated upon that subject, that it was a good improvement of its kind when completed, and that the new assessment should be confirmed unless the use of a combined curb and gutter five inches thick instead of six inches thick, or a small per cent of foundation filling composed of crushed limestone four instead of three inches in- size, will now defeat the assessment on the ground they were such changes as to make the improvement a new or different improvement from that described in the original ordinance,— which brings us to a consideration of the assignment of error of appellant that the county court erred in sustaining the objection that the improvement as actually constructed was not the improvement provided for in the original ordinance.

The evidence fairly tends to show that for all practical purposes a five-inch curb and gutter are as valuable as a six-inch one, and that the difference in size of the small proportion of the limestone used which was four instead of three inches in size, if properly placed in the foundation, would not affect the value of the improvement. The property owners who are objecting made no objection to the manner of construction when the improvement was in the course of construction, and the city, under whose inspection the improvement was constructed, accepted it upon completion and issued improvement bonds therefor. In the Hulbert case it was held that the fact that a five-ton instead of a ten-ton roller was used upon the improvement would not defeat a new assessment; and in Ricketts v. Village of Hyde Park, 85 Ill. 110, one of the objections urged was that the hydrants used were not such as were required by the ordinance. The ordinance called for Holly hydrants, but Cregier ladran ts were used. The evidence showed that the Cregier hydrants cost slightly more than the Holly hydrants but were greatly superior in point of utility. The court, on page 113, say: “The objection, if tenable, should have been brought forward by bill for injunction before the work was completed. It is not admissible now, when the work has been completed in that way without objection on the part of appellant.” In Haley v. City of Alton, 152 Ill. 113, it was said (p. 118:) “It is also contended that the county court erred because it would not permit objectors to prove that the improvement had not? been made as required by the ordinance. The law provides how the contracts shall be let, the manner of payment and who shall be the judge as to whether the contract is complied with. In this case the work had been accepted by the city council. Who shall be the judge of whether the contract is complied with ? Certainly not each individual property owner, because to so hold would not only be a violent construction of the statute, but render the making of all local improvements impracticable. The law has invested the city authorities with that power, and unless there is a fraudulent abuse of it their action is conclusive upon the property owners, and if their action is to be reviewed for fraud it must be done by bill in equity.” And in Craft v. Kochersperger, 173 Ill. 617, the court, on page 619, said: “The bill does not show any equitable ground for relief against the judgments or any equitable reason why they should not be enforced. The alleged facts that the ordinance required the use of Trinidad asphaltum, obtained from Pitch lake, in the island of Trinidad; that the improvement was not made of that kind' of asphalt, and was soft and uneven and poorly and unskillfully executed, and that the work was not yet completed, leaving two blocks between Sixteenth street and Douglas Park boulevard unimproved, are not grounds of equitable interference with the collection of the assessment.”

In People ex rel. v. Church, 192 Ill. 302, it was held, in the construction of local improvements every variation from a literal compliance with the terms of the ordinance will not avoid the assessment.

In the Hulbert case, on page 357, it was held, to authorize an ordinance for a new assessment under the statute now in force, it must appear “(a) that the work was done in good faith by contract duly let and executed pursuant to an ordinance providing- that such improvement should be paid for by special assessment; (b) that the prior ordinance shall be held insufficient for the purpose of such assessment, or otherwise defective, so that the collection of the assessment therein provided for becomes impossible; (c) that the original assessment be set aside by some court; (d) that a new or special ordinance be passed providing for such new assessment; (<?) that a new assessment be made and returned and like notice given and proceedings had as are required in relation to the first ordinance and assessment, except that the same need not be originated or presented by the board of local improvements.” The record shows this supplemental assessment proceeding fulfills all of these conditions, and we are of the opinion it should have been confirmed.

The judgment of the county court will be reversed and the cause remanded to that court for further proceedings in accordance with the views herein expressed.

Reversed and remanded.