Opinion of the Court, the
Hon. George W. Pleasants, Judge.This was a proceeding in the County Court under section 58 of the act to revise and amend the drainage law of May 29, 1879, approved June 30, 1885, and known as the Levy Act, Hurd’s Stat., '1891, p. 571, which section provides that the owners of any land lying outside the drainage district as organized, who shall thereafter make connection with any ditch or drain within it, or whose lands are or will be benefited by the work of such district, shall be deemed to have made voluntary application to have them included in it; and thereupon the commissioners shall make a complaint in writing for that purpose, setting forth a description of such lands and amount of benefits, the names of the owners anda description of the drain or ditch making connection with those of the district, and file it in the County Court or with a justice of the peace, who shall then fix a day for the hearing, of which the commissioners shall give such owners ten days’ notice in writing, embracing a copy of the complaint, and at the time so fixed or at a time to which it may then be continued, the court or justice shall hear the cause; and if it is heard in the County Court and judgment is given in favor of the district, a record of such judgment, with a description of such lands annexed, shall be made, and they shall be deemed a part of such district and be assessed as other lands therein. The assessment of benefits against them may be made at any time the commissioners may deem proper, and the assessment roll thereof shall be filed and recorded and proceedings thereon had as in other cases; or they may be assessed when all lands throughout the district are assessed.
Kankakee Drainage District was organized by proceedings in the County Court of Champaign County under this act. The commissioners filed the complaint herein against appellants April 30, 1890, and upon trial had in the County Court, judgment was given in favor of the district, by which it was ordered that the lands described in said complaint (excepting a certain forty-acre tract mentioned) was annexed to and made part of said district, to be assessed as other lands therein; and that the clerk record the plat referred to as part of the record of the court.
From this judgment the respondents appealed to the Circuit Court, where on motion of the commissioners the appeal was dismissed and judgment entered against respondents for costs. By further appeal they bring the record to this court, and by the assignment of errors present two questions: first, whether the judgment of the County Court was subject td appeal, and second, if so, to what court.
On behalf of appellees it is contended that the judgment of the County Court was merely interlocutory. This is argued upon the assumption that the judgment in question stands upon the same footing with the order provided for in section 16, which confirms the report of the commissioners upon the petition for the organization of the district and establishes the same with the boundaries designated. No provision is made for an appeal from that order specifically, but the same section proceeds to direct that upon its entry the court shall impanel a jury to assess the damages and benefits; and the following sections prescribe the proceedings upon such assessment, down to section 25, which provides for an order confirming it, and then that “appeals or writs of error shall be allowed therefrom as in cases of appeals from and writs of error to the county courts in proceedings for the sale of lands for taxes or special assessments.” It is said that no land owner is hurt by the establishment of the district including his land, according to section 16, nor until its assessment is confirmed by the order entered pursuant to section 25, and therefore no right of appeal is given from the former, but is from the latter; and that since the judgment under section 58, here involved, only operates, like section 16, to include the respondents’ land in the district, and does not per se burden it with any assessment or liability, no appeal should be held to lie from it.
We are inclined to agree that no appeal lies directly from the order under section 16. Not because we think it not subject to review by appeal, however, but because it is interlocutory only. The end contemplated by the proceeding and by the statute is the drainage of lands for agricultural, sanitary and mining purposes, and to that end the establishment of drainage districts by the order under section 16, is made a means.
That order designates the lands to be benefited by the proposed work and therefore to be assessed for it, and • the agents under whose direction it is to be constructed. But the end is not reached until these agents are empowered and put in position to command the money required to pay for the damage to be done to other lands and the labor to be performed in and by its construction. This is accomplished by the provisions for the ascertainment of that damage and for the assessment of the lands benefited; the final order, in the nature of a judgment for the amount assessed, being the order under section 25 confirming the assessment. Hence, as we have seen, by the. provision of section 16 itself, upon the entry of the order establishing the district, the proceeding goes on without break or delay to the “ assessment of damages, or damages and benefits, as the case may be.” This proceeding is commenced by the petition under section 2, and ended so far as the court is concerned, by the order of confirmation under section 25. The sections following, down to 58—the one here under consideration—direct as to the payment, collection and application of the amount ascertained by the confirmed assessment, and provide for some incidental proceedings in connection therewith, which are analogous in character to those relating to executions on money judgments in ordinary actions at law and to proceedings thereon; but the confirmation of the assessment is the final judgment. Hence, no appeal lies directly from the order establishing the district, but it is subject to review like other interlocutory orders, upon exception thereto duly taken and preserved, on appeal from the final judgment, which is expressly given.
We are of opinion, however, that the order here in question does not stand on the same footing with, that made under section 16, for the reason that it is made under a different proceeding, and one of which it is not an incident, but the end; a proceeding which may be taken before a different tribunal from that in which the district is organized; which is commenced, not by a petition of land owners, but by a complaint of the drainage commissioners, and against persons not parties to that in which the order under section 10 is made, and the appeal under section 25 allowed, and which involves no question that can arise in the other. It may be commenced long after the judgment under section 25 is rendered and the time for appeal therefrom is past. The order in favor of the district under section 58 grants all the relief sought by the complaint, and ends all proceedings thereon. It is true that the object of the annexation thereby made is to subject the lands so annexed to assessment as part of the district, but the object of this particular proceeding is annexation of the land, and when that is adjudged the proceeding is ended. Being thus final, both in the order and in the effect of this particular proceeding, that adjudication is subject to appeal.
The appeal must' lie either to the Supreme, the Appellate or the Circuit Court, This was an appeal from an order of the County Court annexing lands of appellants to the drainage district. It would not lie to the Supreme Court under Sec. 25 of the Drainage Act, which provides for such appeal only from an order confirming an assessment. The other cases in which it lies to the Supreme or Appellate Court are indicated in Hurd’s R. S., 1839, Ch. 37, Sec. 123, (p. 435), the Practice Acts, Sec. 88, (p. 1023), and the Appellate Court Act, Sec. 8, (p. 414), and it seems quite clear that this appeal does not come within any of these descriptions. We need to refer particularly only to two cases “involving a freehold,” appealable to the Supreme Court, and “ any suit or proceeding at law, or in chancery” other than those excepted in the Appellate Court, appealable to that court.
Ho freehold is here involved. The legality of the incorporation of the drainage district is not and can not be here questioned, because the proceeding for the annexation of these lands is collateral to that in which the district was incorporated. Blake v. The People, 109 Ill. 516, and cases there cited.
Hor is this a “suit or proceeding at law or in chancery” within the meaning of the act referred to. The right here claimed by the commissioners has no likeness to anything known as a right at common law or in equity. It is created and given wholly by the statute. So, of the proceedings and remedy. W e know of no precedent for any such pleading or judgment in the report of any case in any court of law or chancery that was not wholly authorized and provided by statute. It is therefore unlike the case of the Union Trust Co. v. Trumbell, 23 N. E. Rep. 355.
We hold that this appeal would not lie to the Supreme or Appellate Court and was properly taken to the Circuit Court under the general provision in Ch. 37, Sec. 122; Drainage District v. Kelsey, 120 Ill. 482.
For the error in dismissing it, the order of the Circuit Court is reversed and the cause remanded.