delivered the opinion of the court.
This was a suit in trespass on the case, to recover damages from appellees for the malicious suing out, before a justice of the peace, and execution of a replevin writ against the appellant. Upon the trial it was made to appear in evidence that the replevin suit was disposed of before the justice in favor of the defendant (appellant) and a writ of retorno awarded. When the plaintiff in the suit now before us rested his case, the defendant interposed what was in effect a demurrer to the evidence, and the trial judge, because of something that had been brought to his attention, or, perhaps, in order to save the time that would be required to listen to the defense, propounded to plaintiff’s counsel certain questions which drew from the latter an open court admission that plaintiff had previously brought suit upon the replevin bond, obtained judgment thereon, and that said judgment upon said replevin bond had been fully paid. Whereupon the court gave to plaintiff his election to take a voluntary non-suit, or to have á verdict directed against him, and a preference for the latter being expressed by counsel, a verdict was so directed and returned, and judgment thereon given.
The clear-cut question is, therefore, presented by the record, whether, after a -replevin suit has been brought and disposed of against the plaintiff and retorno awarded, and the defendant in the' replevin has brought suit upon the replevin bond given under the statute, and has had full satisfaction by judgment upon said bond and payment thereof, he, the defendant in the replevin, can maintain another suit to recover punitive damages for the institution of the replevin suit and the execution of the writ.
We think the question must be decided adversely to the appellant.
The principles enunciated in Karr v. Barstow, 24 Ill. 580, Savage v. French, 13 Ill. App. 17, and Stier v. Harms, 154 Ill. 476, seem clearly to sustain our view that having had a recovery and satisfaction in the suit upon the bond, in which suit we are bound to presume all actual damages that were sustained were recovered, the appellant is now barred from having an action for punitive or vindictive damages. The two remedies open to him were consistent and concurrent, and he having elected which one to pursue, and having had satisfaction as to that, his right to follow the other is now gone.
It seems manifest that if appellant had brought this action first and obtained a recovery and satisfaction, he might not thereafter have an action upon the bond, and if not, why may he have one here ?
The cause of action upon the bond, and in this suit is, or would be, the same, viz., the wrongful suing out of the replevin writ.
And when there is but a single cause of action, a judgment in one suit brought upon that cause of action merges not only the part brought directly in question in that suit, but the entire cause of action is merged in the judgment, regardless of the question whether or not the party suing has recovered all that he might have recovered in some other action, which he had the election to bring. See Savage v. French, 13 Ill. App., supra.
The transcript of the proceedings in the suit upon the replevin bond was not introduced in evidence, although both sides in argument assume its presence in court, and the recovery and satisfaction in that suit not being pleaded specially, we do not know the date or term of the recovery and satisfaction with reference to the time of bringing this suit, nor do we know, except by the admission in court already mentioned, that there was in fact any such recovery and satisfaction.
Such admission in open court, upon the trial, was, however, an equivalent for the transcript itself, as to the fact of recovery and satisfaction; and whether the recovery and satisfaction were had prior to or during the pendency of this suit was not material. The general rule, to be sure, is that matter of defense arising after suit brought and before plea, can not be pleaded in bar of the action, generally, but (by. prior leave of the court) must be pleaded to the further prosecution of the suit, and that matter of defense arising after suit brought and after plea, and either before or after issue joined, must be pleaded puis darrein continuance; but in actions on the case, an exception to the rule arises, whidh exception, however, has its exceptions. In actions on the case, the defendant may, under the general issue (which was the plea here), give in evidence a release, a former recovery, a satisfaction or any other subsequent matter, which shows that the cause of action has been discharged, or that in equity and good conscience the plaintiff ought not to recover without regard to whether it was before or after action begun or issues joined in the suit at trial. Mount v. Scholes, 120 Ill. 394; City of Chicago v. Babcock, 143 Ill. 358.
It does not seem to be necessary to discuss any other points made in the case.
The verdict was properly directed and the judgment is affirmed.