It is insisted by the appellant that the following errors occurred in the rulings of the Court below:
1. In overruling the demurrer to the writ, and the motion to quash the same.
2. In sustaining the demurrer to the third paragraph of the answer.
*2073. In finding for the plaintiff on the evidence, and pronouncing judgment thereon over the motion for a new trial.
Previous to the adoption of the R. S. of 1852, the legal principle had been recognized in this Court, that a mandamus would not be granted where the party applying had a different legal remedy. Marshall v. The State, 1 Ind. R. 74.—The Comm'rs, &c. v. Hicks, 2 id. 530. These decisions were made under the statute then in force, to-wit, R. S. 1843, p. 939, §§ 70, 71, the first of which authorized the Supreme Court to grant such writ when it was necessary and proper to the due exercise of the jurisdiction and powers of such Court, and the second was as follows: “In all other cases where proceedings by such writ are proper and necessary, such writ shall issue out of the Circuit Court,” &c.
The first question in this case is, whether, in applications for a writ of mandate, under our present statute, the same rule shall prevail as under the former. Section 739, 2 R. S. p. 197, provides that “Writs of mandate may be issued to any inferior tribunal, corporation, board, or person, to compel the performance of an act which the law specially enjoins, or a duty resulting from an office, trust, or station.”
It is said that this statute, considered in connection with our system of practice, enlarges the powers of Courts as to granting such writs. In other words, that, under the former statute and practice, the power did not exist in our Courts to grant such writs; but that such right now exists, and may be exercised in cases where there may be a different legal remedy.
As before stated, this Court has heretofore decided that a mandamus is proper only where some legal right has been refused or violated, and there is no other appropriate legal remedy. This position is amply supported by authority. See Bac. Abr. tit. Mand. 527; 3 Blacks. Comm. 110; The People v. Sup. of Albany, 12 Johns. 414; Hull v. Sup. of Oneida, 19 id. 260; Ex parte Nelson, 1 Cow. 423; 2 id. 479; 3 id. 59; 6 id. 392; 7 id. 363; 1 Wend. 297.
*208As the remedy was thus regarded as an extraordinary one, under the former practice — one not usually resorted to — we cannot believe that it was the intention of our lawmakers, by the enactment of the present statute, to make it an ordinary remedy to be appealed to for the collection of debts, or the enforcement of other similar rights.
The affidavit, in this case, avers that there was an indebtedness by the township to the said Harding, which had been acknowledged by the board of trustees by an entry on their records to that effect, signed by the president and attested by the clerk. It is said the demurrer admitted this. If so, then the plaintiff had an ample remedy by a simple action against the township, as for any other debt that might be due him from that corporation. He was not, therefore, entitled to this extraordinary remedy to enforce the collection of his debt, even if the township was liable therefor, of which it is not necessary for us to give any opinion.
But it is said he does not seek the collection of the debt, but to compel the trustees to issue to him an order, as an evidence of such debt, payable out of a particular fund.
Each civil township is a body corporate, having for officers a board of trustees, a clerk, and a treasurer. 1 R. S. p. 495.
The board of trustees designate one of their number as president (Id. § 6), who, among other duties, shall sign the record of each meeting. Id. § 9. The clerk keeps a true record of all the proceedings of the board, in a book, and attests the same, &c. — Ibid. Section 10 is as follows: “The treasurer shall receive all moneys belonging to the township, and pay the same out,- to the order of the trustees, signed by the president of the board thereof, and attested by the township clerk.” These are the provisions as to the ordinary township business.
By the school law of 1855 (Acts of 1855, p. 162, § 4), it is provided that “ each civil township in the several counties in this state is hereby'declared a township for school purposes, and the trustees for each township, trustees for school purposes, and their clerk and treasurer shall be the *209clerk and treasurer for school purposes.” By § 5, it is made the duty of the clerk to keep a record of the proceedings of the trustees, &c. There is not, however, any express provision .requiring the signature of such record by the president and clerk. Section 7 enacts that “the treasurer shall receive all moneys belonging or which may be apportioned to ■ his ■ township, and pay out the same upon the orders of the board.” There is no express and literal enactment that the trustees shall appropriate money; but they have power to levy taxes, &c., and to take charge of the educational affairs of the township, employ teachers, &c. Nor is there any such enactment as to the duty of the trustees or clerk to issue an order, for any purpose, on the treasurer. But as the treasurer is to pay out the money on the order of the trustees, without doubt every allowance of a claim made by the trustees is one of the orders that should go upon their records; and whether, by the law, it is, or is not, the duty of the president to sign the record of such disposition of the school fund, it is not necessary to decide, as it is alleged here that this order of allowance was so signed. The record of the claim sufficiently shows what it was for, to indicate the fund out of which it should be paid.
W. S. Holman, for the appellants.Under these statutes, we think a sufficient order upon the treasurer, would have been a copy of the claim and allowance, attested by the clerk. If so, there was no^ other duty resting upon the trustees, in reference to making said allowance or order. The demurrer should, therefore, have been sustained.
The evidence was not sufficient to sustain the finding. There was no testimony tending to show that any request or demand had been made of the trustees to discharge the duty which it is alleged they failed to discharge.
Per Curiam.— The judgment is reversed with costs. Cause remanded, &c.