The appellant, as receiver of an insolvent partnership, brought this suit to recover certain assets of the partnership, which he alleged one of the partners had, a short time prior to the appointment of the receiver, without the knowledge or consent of his co-partner, transferred to certain of his individual-creditors to secure or pay his individual debt to them. The only question involved is the validity of the transfer. This arises on the evidence, in which there is no conflict. It is undisputed that the property was transferred to bona fide individual creditors of the partner making the transfer; that it was done only a short time before the appointment of the receiver, and after insolvency, although the parties did not at the time know of the *106insolvency. It is also undisputed that the transfer was made without the knowledge of the co-partner, who was informed of it for the first time after it had been done. There is no evidence whatever showing either assent or dissent upon his part save such inferences as may possibly be drawn from the fact that eight days thereafter he asked for and secured the appointment of the receiver.
Partners have the right,, as between themselves, to insist that the firm assets shall be used, first, for the payment of the firm debts. They may, however, waive this right, and may join in transferring or encumbering firm property to pay or secure bona fide debts of the individual partners, for which the firm is in nowise liable.
A transaction of this character, to secure bona fide debts, can not be successfully attacked, either by a creditor or by a receiver of an insolvent partnership. Partnership creditors have no lien upon or special interest in partnership property, save through the rights of the partners above referred to. Trentman v. Swartzell, 85 Ind. 443; Warren v. Farmer, 100 Ind. 593; Fisher v. Syfers, 109 Ind. 514; Goudy v. Werbe, 117 Ind. 154; Purple v. Farrington, 119 Ind. 164; Dunham v. Hanna, 18 Ind. 270; Case v. Beauregard, 99 U. S. 119; Winslow v. Wallace, 116 Ind. 317 (325).
Such use of firm property may no doubt be valid; although not joined in by all of the parties, provided it is done with their knowledge and consent, or is afterward ratified or approved by them.
The fact being established that the property transferred was firm property, transferred after insolvency to secure the individual debt of one partner, the burthen was on the appellees to show affirmatively either participation in or assent to the transfer by all the partners. This was essential to a successful defence.
The mere silence of the partner not joining in the transfer, when informed of it, is no doubt a fact proper to be *107shown and considered as bearing on the question' of assent. Such silence, however, which covers a period as short as that here involved of itself unaided by other facts, is not evidence of such assent. In our opinion the record contains no evidence whatever showing such assent.
Filed April 2, 1892.There is an entire failure of evidence to sustain the finding of the court.
Judgment reversed.