1. Voluntary conveyance: collusive judgment. — The decree of the District Court dismissing the cross-petition of the defendant, and the answer the plaintiff thereto, without prejudice, really decided nothing except that the defendant should pay the costs of the proceeding. Both parties had at much trouble and expense, and with great care, taken testimony as to the merits of the controversy. .The cause was submitted on its merits, in the court below, and has been argued on its merits in this court. It is our opinion that the District Court ought to have decided the controverted questions made, and not to have remitted the parties to renewed litigation. The plaintiff obtaining possession in the manner he did, pen*285dente lite, and without the knowledge or consent of the defendant, gave him no additional rights.
Both the. plaintiff and defendant claimed title to the land-in controversy under Shelton A. King, the former by sheriff’s deeds, the latter by and under ordinary conveyances.
Before the plaintiff commenced his actions against his brother, Shelton A., the latter had conveyed the lands in question to his wife, Sarah E., and the latter had conveyed them to the defendant, Tharp, her father. The deed to the wife was recorded before the judgments of the plaintiff -were rendered. _ ■
If this conveyance to the wife was bona fide, it is obvious that the defendant has the better title. The plaintiff assails it for fraud. On the other hand, the deféndant attacks the plaintiff’s title for the same reason. ‘ ■ ’
It is not deemed necessary to go into a discussion of the testimony; but we content ourselves with stating the result to which a careful examination of it has brought us.
And first as to the question, whether the plaintiff was an existing creditor of his brother Shelton A., at the time he made the conveyance to his wife.
The plaintiff’s claim divides itself into two branches.
His claim for '$774.50, in his suit commenced in 1861, we are satisfied was wholly collusive and without foundation. The-judgment was rendered • by the consent and procurement of the said Shelton A., in order.to seize upon and sell the lands-which had been before conveyed to the wife. At about the1 time of the conveyance by Shelton A. to his wife, they were living together, but soon afterward separated, and the wife-was murderéd when on the way to confer, with her counsel in-relation to her difficulties with her husband. Her husband was indicted for her murder and acquitted; but at this time he and his brother, the plaintiff, were on good terms and had con*286spired together to obtain the lands by means of a collusive judgment upon a fictitious claim. The evidence so plainly shows that the entire demand of $771.50 was sham, that it leaves in our minds no room for doubt.
The District Court should have decreed that the judgment rendered on this claim and the sheriff’s sales and deeds made thereunder were, as to the defendant, fraudulent and void, and thus have removed the cloud they cast upon his title. As respects the pretended debt.for which this judgment was rendered, the conveyance to the wife was undoubtedly valid; and her grantee, the defendant, is entitled to have it so declared.
Assuming the facts to be as above found, .it is plain that the defendant’s rights under his conveyance from the wife, are superior to those of the plaintiff, acquired under this judgment, and this court should have so decreed.
In 1862, in further prosecution of his design to acquire title to the land in question, the plaintiff bought up at about the same time and just before he brought his suit thereon, six small notes against his brother, Shelton A., on two of which he was surety, and on most of which payments had been made. Mrs. King had also intervened in this action, claiming that it was collusive and prosecuted with a view to sell the lands which had been conveyed to her.
On her death occurring, her intervention petition in this and in the other action of the plaintiff was withdrawn, and the plaintiff obtained judgments.
Only two of these notes are of a date anterior to the conveyance to the wife; but they all represent an actual indebtedness, to the amount of about $225 in all.
We think it probable from the testimony, that much, if not all of this indebtedness, existed before the conveyance to the wife.
And here the question arises, was the conveyance from *287Shelton A. to his wife, fraudulent as to his creditors ? The property conveyed was 400 acres of land, worth at least $2,000. The only debts which have been proved to exist, were those represented by these small notes, although there may have been some others.
We are not satisfied from the evidence, that the convey-' anee to the wife was actually fraudulent as to the creditors of Shelton A., but as to the debts evidenced by the notes on which the plaintiff’s action was brought, it is perhaps right to hold it to be constructively fraudulent, so as to entitle them to be paid, if necessary, out of the land. We will not, therefore, disturb the plaintiff’s judgment, rendered thereon.
2. Judicial sale: en masse: inadequate consideration. But 'the sheriff’s sale and deed, made thereunder, the defendant is entitled to have set aside, as prayed in the
amendment to his cross-petition. This sale was made pending this suit — the lands were sold in a lump - for less than one-sixth of their value. Gardner v. Baker, 25 Iowa, 343; Hughes v. Feeter, 23 id. 547.
The sheriff’s sale being made pending this action, and under the circumstances stated, the defendant’s rights are not concluded thereby, and the only equity the plaintiff has is, that the land shall be declared liable to pay his judgment, if other property of the debtor cannot be found. The sale being set aside, the plaintiff is at liberty to issue a new execution, which may be levied, if necessary, upon the land in question. The decree below is reversed, and the cause remanded to the District Court, with directions to enter a decree in conformity with this opinion.
Reversed.