There is some evidence tending to show that the power of attorney, by virtue of which the sale is alleged 1. ATTORNEY in fact: power to sell powertoex-change. to have been made, was forged, but we do not . ° deem it necessary to determine what the tact was. For Purposes of the opinion it may be conceded that the power of attorney was not forged. But, conceding such fact, we are not able to see how, under the plaintiff’s own testimony, the sale can be sustained. While it appears clearly enough that the plaintiff paid $2,000 in cash, as the court found, yet it was paid only to J. W. Moorhead, and did not, we think, under the circumstances, as shown by the undisputed .evidence, become a payment to Thomas L. Moorhead. There is no pretense that any part of the money actually came into Thomas L. Moorhead’s hands. This, to be sure, would not have been necessary to constitute a payment to Thomas L., if J. W. had received the money while acting within the scope of his power. But the undisputed evidence shows that he did not thus act. J. W. Moor-head’s power was to make a sale. What he undertook to do was to make an exchange, at least so far as the transaction in part was concerned. He took a patent right as a part of the consideration for the land.
*93The language of the power of attorney is not very accurate, but there is no question as to what it means. After describing the land, it sets out the power conferred in these words: “To make sale of the same or any part thereof for such sum or prieej and on such terms, as to' him (the said attorney) shall seem meet, and to ask, demand, recover and receive all sums of money which shall become due and owing to me by means of such sale or sales, and to take all lawful means for recovery thereof,” etc. Under this power, the attorney was authorized to make a sale, and only that. A sale is defined to be “an agreement by which one of two contracting parties, called the seller, gives the thing and passes the title to it for a certain price in current money.” Bouvier’s Law Diet. It differs from an exchange, where the consideration is paid in property other than money. In Parsons on Cont., Yol. 1, p. 520, it is said: “A sale is distinctly discriminated in many respects from an exchange in law; an exchange being the giving of one thing and receiving of another thing, while a sale is the giving of one thing for that which is a representation of all values.” See, also, Vail v. Strong, 10 Vt., 457. When, therefore, J. W. Moorhead undertook to take a patent' right in part consideration, he undertook to take what he had no authority to do, and the plaintiff should have known it. The trade wTas, therefore, void. It differed in no respect from what it would have been if there had been no power of attorney. There being no sale, the money received could not be regarded as received in pursuance of a sale, and, it not coming actually into Thomas L. Moorhead’s hands, he was not affected- by the receipt of it by J. W. Moorhead. We think, then, that the court erred in charging the land with a lien for this money. The plaintiff, however, contends that, whatever may be the merits of the case, we cannot reverse, for want of a proper record.
It is not necessary to determine whether the case is triable de novo to enable us to review the question above determined. The action was brought in 1878, and while the pro*94vision was in force for trying equitable actions upon oral evidence. There is an assignment of errors; the abstract purports to contain all the evidence, and sets out a certificate by the judge. The decree appears to have been excepted to.
We find, it is true, an additional abstract, by the appellee, in which he says: “The notes of the short-hand reporter were never transcribed into long-hand until after the decree in this case, and such long-hand transcript of the notes of the short-hand reporter has never been filed in the district court where the said case was tried, and in no other court, and there is no entry in the appearance docket showing the filing of the short-hand notes themselves, and they were never certified to.”
It must appear, of course, presumptively or otherwise, before any question can be raised upon the evidence, that it was certified. But what is the fact in this respect, taking the appellant’s and the appellee’s abstracts together? In the appellant’s abstract we find, following the evidence, a certificate in these words: “I, W. R. Sellon, short-hand reporter, etc., * * * certify that the foregoing pages are a true and correct transcript of all the evidence, both oral and written, introduced or offered on the trial of the cause of, etc., * * * together with the rulings of the court, etc.
(Signed.) “ W. R. SelloN.”
Following this, wo find another in these words: “ I, A. II. Stutsman, judge, etc., * * * * certify that the above and foregoing transcript contains all the evidence introduced or offered on the trial of said cause of, etc., * . * * together with all objections,” etc.
(Signed.) “A. II. StutsmaN, District Judge.”
We find, also, in the additional abstract by the appellee, that a skeleton bill of exceptions was signed by the judge, in .which he states that the case “was heard upon the depositions of John W. Moorhead, Thomas L. Moorhead * * * * and upon the testimony of witnesses, * * * ' * * as shown in the notes of testimony'of W. R. Sellon, official short-hand reporter,” etc.
*95The statute provides that the original notes of any testimony taken in any case shall be filed in said case, * * * * and said original notes, or the transcript thereof, or any part thereof, may be referred to in any bill of exceptions, and, when duly transcribed and certified, shall be inserted therein on appeal. Code, § 3777.
The original notes were, we will presume, filed in this case. It was the official duty of the short-hand reporter to file them. 2. practice-Sons? reporter s notes. There is nothing tending to show that he did not, aQd th® certificate of the judge shows that the cage wag .¡.rje(j jn parfc upon testimony as shown. by the reporter’s notes. Under the statute it was competent to make a skeleton bill of exceptions and incorporate the original notes by mere reference. Such bill was made and filed in this case, and by it the original notes were made a part of the record, and that, too, whether they were certified to by the short-hand reporter or not. "Where the original notes are made part of the record by a bill of exceptions, the record is, in substance, complete, so far as the evidence embraced therein is concerned. If a transcript or extension of the notes by the reporter becomes necessary, it is not strictly for the purpose of completing the record, but rather for the purpose of making a completed record intelligible to others than the reporter. The reporter’s transcript or extension becomes necessary, of course, if a transcript by the clerk does. But the appellant might set out the evidence in his abstract from memory, of 3. PRACTICE in supreme court: abstracting evidence: presumption in favor of abstract. from his. own notes, long or short-liand. If the appellee should be satisfied with the appellant’s abstract, we see no necessity for the clerk’s transcript, so far as the evidence is concerned, and, if his transcript is not necessary, we see no necessity for the reporter’s transcript. In the case at bar the reporter’s transcript appears to have been made, but, according to the appellee’s abstract, was not filed. It should, of course, have been filed if it was necessary to make it. But we do not think it was necessary to make it. "We have no necessity for the *96clerk’s transcript so far as tbe evidence is concerned. In the view which we have taken of the case, it turns upon a point upon which the evidence is set out in the appellant’s abstract, and it is not disputed that the evidence upon this point is correctly set out.
We think, then, that the record is in a condition to call for a review of the question determined, and having, upon that question, reached a conclusion different from that reached by the court below, the judgment must be
Reversed.