I. After the appellant’s reply to the appellee’s argument, the appellee filed an additonal 1. Practice in supreme court: argument by appellee aeter appellant’s reply: motion to strike. argument which the appellant moves to strike. The appellee filed an amended ........... , , abstract with his argument, and after-wards, to avoid the expense of a transcript, the parties filed an agreement as to the true state of the record. The appellee’s additional argument was with respect to the record as shown by this agreement. While ordinarily such additional argument would not be considered, yet, under the circumstances of this case, the appellant’s motion to strike is overruled.
II. The controlling question was presented by the defendant’s demurrer to the first count of the 2. Seduction : settlement: fraud: pleading. plaintiff’s reply. The defendant answered, denying generally, and setting up a settlement and a release in writing, which, upon its face, is a bar to the recovery of the damages sued for. The plaintiff replied in two counts. There is some question as, to whether the first count set up the defense of forgery or fraud. Clearly it was not intended to charge forgery in the sense that the plaintiff did not sign the instruments set out in the answer, for, though she denies signing it, in the next sentence she admits that she did sign it, but that it *713vas not her voluntary act. She alleges that soon after the birth of her child, one F. J. Horak, in whom she reposed great confidence, represented to her that he was acting for her benefit, that the. paper was simply giving him authority to get money for her to pay current expenses, that the defendant had consented to pay for her support and expenses until such time as he would marry her, that the defendant had paid three hundred dollars for such expenses, that it would not stop her from further recovery in case the defendant did not carry out his promise to marry her, and that the paper was simply a receipt for two hundred and fifty dollars, which Horak then paid the plaintiff. The plaintiff also alleges, in said count, that she is a Bohemian, unacquainted with, andunableto read, the English language, in which said paper was written, and “that her signature was procured thereto by reason of said false representation, on which she relied by reason of the confidence reposed in said F. J. Horak.” Said count closes with a prayer that the contract be canceled. Subsequently the plaintiff amended her reply, tendering to defendant the two hundred and fifty dollars and interest. While it is not alleged in words that the representations made by Horak were fraudulent, it is evident, if the allegations are true, that such was their character. We think the fair construction of the count is that it pleads the fraud of Horak as a defense to the contract of settlement.
The defendant demurred to this count on the ground that it does not state facts constituting any ■defense as against the said answer, in that it fails to show that any acts of fraud or deceit charged therein were done at the instance or by the procurement of the ■defendant.
It will be observed that the count nowhere charges that the acts or representations of Horak were at the instance or by the procurement of the defendant. The question presented by the demurrer is, whether a party *714to the contract is bound by the fraudulent acts of a. stranger thereto, done without his knowledge or authority. In all the cases cited by the appellant, the party perpetrating the fraud was either connected with the contract or acting by the authority of a party thereto. We understand the rule to be that, in order to enable a person to avoid a contract on the grounds of fraud, the other contracting party, by himself or one-acting for him, must have been guilty of misrepresentations and deceit. There was no error in sustaining; the demurrer to the first count.
III. On trial the court held that the plaintiff was not entitled to introduce evidence as to the acts and 3. -: -: -: evidence. declarations of Horak, without first offering evidence tending to show that Horak was acting at the instance or by the procurement of the defendant. We have seen that the defendant was not bound by Horak’s acts unless done at his instance or with his consent, and it follows therefrom that until there was evidence tending to show that he authorized the acts of Horak, they were immaterial. The appellant insists that if she had been permitted to introduce the evidence of fraud it would have disclosed circumstances tending to show that Horak was acting for the defendant. We fail to discover such tendency in any of the questions objected to, as they all related to what Horak did, and not to anything that was said or done by the defendant.
IY. At the conclusion of the testimony the defendant moved for a verdict upon the following among other 4. -: -: -: directing jury as to verdict. grounds: “That the uncontradicted evidence shows that the said cause of action was fully settled and all alleged damages. were adjusted and fully paid.” The motion was sustained on the ground stated and a verdict returned.
As already stated, the contract of settlement and. release set out was complete upon its face, and, as the plaintiff failed to offer any evidence tending to connect. *715the defendant with the alleged fraud of Horak, the instrument stands unimpeached and was a complete defense. We see no error, therefore, in sustaining the motion for verdict. Affirmed.
Friday, October 16, 1891.