*660 2
3. *659I. There is no question but that Volney Giddings, for a valuable consideration, delivered to the plain*660tiff said $550 note purporting to be signed by himself and his mother, Parmelia Giddings, and at the same time, and as security therefor, delivered to the plaintiff said other note purporting to be indorsed by Parmelia Giddings, together' with said mortgage. The controlling question of fact is whether Parmelia Giddings signed or authorized or ratified the signing of her name to said $550 note, and whethcr she indorsed said other note. Tinder the denials in the A-erifield: answer the burden is upon the plaintiff to show that Parmelia Giddings wrote said signatures, or authorized or ratified the writing thereof. Oode, section 3640. These notes were presented to the plaintiff by Volney Giddings with the signatures thereto and thereon, as now appear. No witness testifies to seeing Mrs. Giddings write either of the names, nor that either' is in her handwriting; while a number of competent Avitnesses, speaking from a knoAvledge of her handwriting, and from comparison with her genuine signature, say that she did not write these disputed signatures. There is an entire absence of evidence that Mrs. Giddings signed the $550 note, or that she indorsed the $511.25 note with her own hand. Question is made whether, under the allegations of the petition, the plaintiff may prove authority from Mrs. Giddings to another to Avrite these signatures for hex, or that after full knowledge thereof she ratified the Avriting of said signatures. In the view we take of the case Ave need not determine this question. The only evidence tending to show authority to another to write these signatures for her is to her son Volney, but there is no eAddence that the signatures are in his handwriting, nor sufficient evidence to show that he had authority to write them. At the time these instruments purported to haA^e been signed by Mrs. Giddings she and her son were keeping house together, and one witness says, “Volney seemed to look after her affairs, and to transact all her business, so far as I know.” Mrs. Sherwood, a sister of Volney, says, in response to the question *661as to his authority, “He had the general power of attorney;” but no such power of attorney is shown. The same witness says, “I know Yolney Giddings signed his mother’s name indiscriminately in her business affairs” without objection from her, but no instance is shown in which Yohrey Giddings signed the name of his mother. This is substantially all the evidence offered by plaintiff to show authority. We have no doubt from this and other testimony that Yolney did look after affairs for his mother, but did not to the extent of executing obligations in writing for her. On one occasion Mrs. Giddings made a loan of money to one of her daughters, and gave the check therefor to Yolney, and he drew the money, and gave it to his sister. It also appears that he sometimes looked after collecting notes held by his mother, and interest thereon; but, as we have said, it does not appear that on any occasion prior to this transaction he signed the name of his mother. There is evidence that Mrs. Giddings said on several occasions that she had not authorized the signing or indorsement of said notes, but, aside from this evidence, we reach the conclusion that the plaintiff has failed to show that Mrs. Giddings authorized the writing of these disputed signatures.
4 II. The. evidence tending to show ratification is substantially as follows: On August 11, 1896, the defendant Samuel II. Butterbaugh wrote the plaintiff, “I have been disappointed in getting money to meet the interest on the Parmelia Giddings note Avhich you hold,” and promising an early remittance to pay interest. On. August 19, 1898, he inclosed to plaintiff a draft for $40.90 “in payment of interest on the note you now hold of Mrs. Parmelia Giddings.” He added: “I trust you will not annoy Mrs. Giddings concerning this note you hold against her, as you know there was considerable crookedness about obtaining this money on the part of Mr. Yolney Giddings. Mrs. Giddings is very anxious this should be fixed up, and I think it will be in a little while.” On September 2, 1896, he *662wrote the plaintiff, saying that he had failed to procure money to pay the note, and promising payment in a short time. On August 11, 1896, plaintiff addressed a letter to Mrs. Giddings concerning payment of the $550 note, and in reply received a letter signed “G. S. Giddings, as follows: “Mrs. Parmelia Giddings requests 'me to reply to' your favor of the 11th inst. in regard to payment of note of Volney Giddings by saying that at present she hás no money with which to pay it, and that you should rely on the collateral which you hold; and, further, that she is sorry to be placed in a position by the acts of others where she cannot at once meet all obligations.” There is no evidence, outside of the letter itself, that Mrs. Giddings ever authorized the writing of this reply. Mrs. Sherwood testifies: “I knew that she knew that that note was held by the Carthage National Bank as collateral security for another note that the bank had loaned money on. * * * I heard her say that she would pay the note as soon as she could sell other property, and could raise the money, and take up the collateral note. She knew that her name was in the note.” The only other evidence bearing upon the ratification are declarations of Mrs. Giddings to the effect that she did not know that the notes had been given to the bank until the bank sent her notice, and that the notice was a great surprise to her. Conceding that the evidence as to the declarations of Mrs. Giddings is inadmissible, still we think the plaintiff has failed to prove ratification. It does appear that Mrs. Giddings had knowledge of this transaction be>tween her son Volney and the bank as early as August 11, 1896, but there is no evidence of ratification except the statement said to have been made to Mrs. Sherwood that she would pay the note as soon as she could sell property; but surely this statement, even if made, was not such a ratification as should bind Mrs. Giddings by the signatures that she had neither made nor authorized. The case is not as strong in its facts as Smith v. Tramel, 68 Iowa, 488, *663wherein it is held there was no ratification. The provisions in the will of Mrs. Giddings do not seem to ns to affect the question one way or another, as the collaterals would come to her or her estate upon the payment of the $550; and to provide for a disposition thereof as she did does not indicate, that she had or had not written or authorized the signatures. Much of appellant’s argument is addressed to the question hs to the admissibility of the declarations of Mrs. Giddings, but these numerous questions we need not consider, as, in our opinion, with this evidence admitted, the plaintiff has failed to show that the disputed signatures were written by Mrs. Giddings or by her authority, or that she ever ratified the same. Thus viewing the case, we conclude that the judgment of the district court must be reversed.
PerCuriam. —The foregoing opinion was written by Mr. Justice Given before his retirement from the bench, in substantially the same form in which it now appears, and it is now adopted as expressing the views of the court as now constituted.
Sherwin, J., taking no part.