The plaintiff, a married man, charges the defendant with alienating the affections of his wife, and inducing her to abandon her husband and home. Defendant denies the charge, and says that if the wife has been alienated from her husband, it has been caused by the husband’s ill treatment. Upon trial to a jury, verdict was returned in plaintiff’s favor for $500, and from the judgment entered therein defendant appeals..
i. evidence, I. The plaintiff, as a witness in his own behalf, having testified that on one or more occasions, coming home from his work, he had found defendant there, he was asked by his counsel “Was he ever there when he did not have any business there, at night, that you know of ?” Over the defendant’s objection the witness was allowed to answer : “A. I don’t know if he did, or was coming to ask her to come over and bake bread for him; something like that. I won’t say that. I don’t think he did always. I did not get suspicious of him. The first I thought anything wás wrong, the children commenced to talle. After my wife left, I had a talk with Thompson about it.” Error is assigned upon this ruling, because, it-is said, it called for the mere conclusion or conjecture of the witness. It is to be admitted that the form of the question leaves it open to the construction which appellant puts upon it, but when fairly interpreted it is not •objectionable. It is, in effect, as if counsel had asked, “What was his errand there ?” orj “Do you know whether he had any errand there ?” in which form we think the inquiry would have been allowable. But, even if we were to hold *719that the objection should, have been sustained, the answer discloses nothing which was not properly admissible in evidence, and the error would be without prejudice.
2. Evidence: irresponsive answer. It is further objected in argument that the answer was not responsive to the question, but this point was not made in the court below, and, moreover, the objec- . . . . . . tion of want of responsiveness is not available except to the party propounding the interrogatory.
3. evidence: tions. • The same witness was asked, “What did he [defendant] say to you about her not being your wife — something like that?” Defendant’s objection to this question was overruled, and the witness answered, “He said, ‘Tour wife leave you, and she is not your wife any more, and I have a right to take her wherever I want to.’ ” The question was quite leading; a form of interrogatory which should not ordinarily be permitted; but its allowance is so far a matter within the discretion of the court that it will not justify a reversal save where that discretion has been abused. It appears from the record that the parties are of foreign birth, and their command of the English language quite imperfect. Under such circumstances direct and leading inquiries are often permissible, if not, indeed, necessary. The answer called for by this question was competent and material. It is true the alleged conversation took place after plaintiff’s wife had left him, but the conduct and statements of the defendant with reference to her, and his disposition, if any, to seek her society in defiance of her husband’s wishes, weré circumstances having more or less bearing upon the truth of the charge of prior intimacy between them.
4. Evidence: exclusion of. One Williamson, a witness for plaintiff, testified that he was the pastor of the parties, and that, after'separation had taken place,- he met them at a neighbor’s house, and sought to induce plaintiff’s wife to. return to •. her' husband, but'that she and defendant said they “wanted to'be cleared first.” On cross-examination he was asked what the wife said in that conversation about hav-' *720ing been accused by her husband of improper conduct with men other than defendant. Upon objection by the plaintiff, answer to this question was ruled out as not being proper cross-examination. The objection could well have been overruled without error, but the same witness did answer later that Mrs. Christensen did say that on a former occasion her husband had become jealous of one Hayfeldt, and had found fault with her several times before about other men. The wife 'herself also testified to such accusations against her by the plaintiff, and everything which could have been obtained by allowing the question to be answered by the pastor seems to have gone to the jury. The defendant suffered no prejudice by the ruling.
5. instruction: issues. 11 ° II. Appellant complains that the court failed to correctly state the issues, in that, .after reciting the claim made by the plaintiff the jury were' told simply that defendant denied each and every allegation of the petition, and were not told that he also pleaded that plaintiff, by his own misconduct and illtreatment, had alienated his wife’s affections from him. This allegation of the answer contained nothing which was not provable under the denial of plaintiff’s petition. It is at most a mere statement of evidence, and the court was not required to set it out in the instructions. As to the bearing of such facts, the court did charge the jury that, if the affection of the wife had been lost or withdrawn from her husband for other reasons, or through other causes than the acts or conduct of the defendant, then the plaintiff could not recover; and this, we think, was all the defendant could properly demand upon this proposition.
6. alienation affecHons: evideuce. III. The appellant also insists that the verdict is without substantial support in the testimony. It is said the defendant and Mrs. Christensen are cousins; that the relations between them and their respective families, while of a friendly and intimate character, were entirely consistent with the rules of propriety, and were in fact without taint of wrongdoing; *721and that there was no credible testimony tending to establish the charges made by plaintiff. In this connection we are pointed to the .position occupied by the witness, Carl Nelson, upon whose testimony plaintiff’s case to a considerable extent depends. It is to be admitted that this witness, according to his own story, is not one to inspire our confidence. He seems to have emulated the character of “Peeping Tom” in the familiar legend, and from the vantage ground of a knothole in the side of the barn, a hiding place in the hayloft, and an uncurtained window in plaintiff’s house, claims to have seen conduct which serves to give color to the charge made by the plaintiff. But, however unamiable or despicable such conduct may be, it was for the jury to say what credit should be given to the witness’ testimony. There was also other evidence having more or less bearing in the •same direction. If all the witnesses were to be believed, defendant certainly showed considerable interest in plaintiff’s wife; an interest which was apparently reciprocated. It is unnecessary to recite the various acts of alleged familiarity, or the bearing and conduct of the parties from which an unfavorable conclusion could fairly be reached. It is enough to say that while to the charitably inclined most of these things, even if true, may be explained as innocent manifestations of that platonic regard which cousins and neighbors may entertain toward each other without guilt, yet a jealously inclined husband could hardly be blamed for ascribing to such intimacy a more ardent sentiment. To say the least, there was not such a failure of proof that the court would have been justified in directing a verdict. The case seems to have been fairly tried, and we find no reversible error in the record.
The judgment of the district court is aketrmed.