1. Fraudulent representations: evidence: submission of issue. The plaintiff exchanged a stock of millinery of the estimated value of $2,000 to one Bannister for eighty acres of land near Cooper at $60 per acre. Deceit with respect to the value and character of the land is alleged, and the evidence was such that this issue should have been submitted to the jury. The plaintiff testified that some time previous to the transaction she had said to Benkert that she would sell the stock if she could get a good price; that Ben-kert replied that he would get a deal; that later, when she had been purchasing goods in Des Moines and was about to take the train for Earlham, Benkert and Walsh met her at the depot, and the latter informed her that they had been over to see her stock, and that he had a fine deal for her; that the land he proposed to exchange was all tillable, with forty acres under cultivation, and had certain buildings on it; that he had been over every foot of it, as he had a farm nearby, and that he knew it was worth $60 per acre; that she told him she knew nothing about land and would like to wait until her husband returned, to which Walsh replied: “ It is a fine thing, and the land is worth $60 per acre, and do not, on any account, let it slip.” At this time a mutual acquaintance came up, and, upon being informed of the negotiations, cautioned Walsh not to take advantage of the lady, when Walsh assured him of the value of the land, and that she was getting a fine deal. Thereupon plaintiff decided to stay over and examine the land the next day, and telephoned her sister-in-law at Van Meter to accompany her. They went to the depot in . the morning, and while waiting for the train to go to Cooper in came Benkert and Walsh, who invited them to another part of the room to talk over the affair. Here it developed that she and Walsh belonged to the same church, and they talked until it was found the train had gone. Walsh then assured her that she could trust him; *227that the land was worth what he said; that in looking at it she would occasion an expense without benefit; that he was an Irish Catholic like herself, and would not cheat her; that the deal would wait no longer, and she had better take advantage of it. They then went to defendant’s office, and after some conversation with the owner and Miller, who assured her she could rely upon Walsh and another, the deal was consummated. ' Plaintiff was corroborated in her account of the transaction in the morning by the testimony of her sister-in-law, and much of tire testimony of both is contradicted by the evidence adduced on the part of defendants.
As verdict was directed, however, we are concerned only in ascertaining whether there was affirmative evidence tending to support the charge of deceit. It turned out that the Coon river runs through the farm a distance of sixty-five or seventy rods, and also that a highway extended through it from north to south; that but fifteen or twenty-two acres in patches were in cultivation; that the river bank is high, and a portion of the land hilly, some of it a hundred feet above the river. The witnesses of plaintiff estimated the value of the land at $25 to $30, and those of the defendants from $40 to $45 per acre, except one, who placed it from $40 to $60. So that the jury might have found: (1) That the value of the land was asserted to be $60 per acre as a fact, and not as of opinion, and the character of the land was described; (2) that the land was worth at least $20 per acre less, and was not of the character represented; (3) that plaintiff in exchanging relied upon the representations made, and was. deceived thereby to her damage. The only doubt is as to whether the evidence was such that the jury might have found that the representations, when m'ade, if at all, were known to be false and made with intent to deceive. In view of what might have been regarded as a scheme to prevent plaintiff from examining the land, the assurance of Walsh that she could trust him, his testimony that he had never seen the land, that he knew that a part of it was rough with *228the river through it,- and that it was worth from $40 to $50 per acre only, we think the evidence was ample to carry these issues also to the jury.
8‘ representations ue' Counsel have discussed somewhat the question as to whether a statement of value may be regarded as an assertion of fact, or should be treated as the expression of opinion merely. This must necessarily depend on the circumstances of each case, and usually upon the intention of the party making the statement. Here the evidence in behalf of plaintiff clearly indicated the intention of Walsh that his assertion of the value of the land should be acted upon as true, and not merely as his estimate, and, if so, and it was knowingly false and induced an exchange by plaintiff to her damage, it was actionable. Door v. Cory, 108 Iowa, 725; Hansen v. Kline, 136 Iowa, 101. See Brown v. Holden, 120 Iowa, 195, also Brown v. Krouse, 132 Ill. 177 (23 N. E. 1012), where the court held that “ if the vendor dissuades the vendee from examining the property upon the assurance that it is useless expense, and that his statements may be relied upon, the statements, if false, will be grounds for setting aside the sale.” • The cause should have been submitted to the jury.
Some other points are argued which may be disposed. by adverting to the fact that the 'contract was one for the exchange of properties, and that plaintiff could have been _ damaged no more than the difference, if any, between the áctual market Value of the land, and that of the stock of millinery as it was and good will, if included.— Reversed.