Orke operated a saloon at Ossian, Iowa, and became largely indebted to the intervener, Dubuque Star Brewing Company, for intoxicating liquors purchased. To secure this indebtedness he executed to the intervener a bill of sale of the property in question. Some time later he sold out his business to McManus, and executed to him also a bill of sale covering the same property. Upon discovering the claim of the intervener, McManus declined to pay the balanc'e of the purchase price, and this suit was brought therefor. The pleadings of the parties were so framed that the only issue tried was whether the sales of intoxicating liquors by the intervener to Orke prior to June 6, 1905, was in violation of law. If so, Orke is entitled to judgment against McManus, as prayed; if not, the intervener is entitled to such judgment.
The intervener was a manufacturer of beer, located at Dubuque, Iowa, and claimed to be operating in accordance with the provisions of sections 2456 and 2461 of the Code. Section 2460 provides: “Any person, partnership or corporation operating any brewery . . . permitting any drinking of such product or selling the same at retail upon the premises of any such manufacturing establishment shall forfeit the exemption hereby contemplated to be granted.” It is the contention of appellant that the inter*656vener did permit drinking of beer upon its premises, and that it did sell the same at retail upon such premises. It appears from tbe undisputed testimony that the intervener was the owner of a certain structure or structures covering eight lots of ground in a certain block numbered from three to ten inclusive. Lot No. three was in the northeast corner of the block, and the other lots lay to the south in consecutive order, fronting east. Exhibit 24 is a photograph or engraving of such structure or structures as they appear fronting east.
The claim of the intervener was that the brewery proper covered lots five, six, seven, % eight, nine and ' ten. The structure covering lots three and four consists of two stories. The,second story thereof is used as a residence by the president of the brewery company. That part of the lower story which covers lot four is occupied by the president as an office. That part of the lower story which covers lot three is occupied as a saloon for the retail of beer from the brewery. There are partitions between the saloon and the office and between the office and the brewery proper. There are also entrances between the saloon and the office and between the office and the brewery proper. The brewery company *657operated the saloon and sold its brewery product therefrom at retail. The public entrance into the saloon was at the northeast corner. By its contract with its employees the brewery company was required to furnish them with beer free of charge. This was furnished to them in the saloon. It is claimed that they always entered the saloon for such purpose through the public entrance, and such fact may be assumed for the purpose of our consideration. No beer was retailed at any other place upon'the premises.
The question presented to us is whether the brewery company permitted any drinking of 'its product or sold the same at retail “upon’ the premises of such manufacturing establishment.” We see no escape from the conclusion that this entire property was one property, under one ownership, and under one management.
The fact that one room was set apart exclusively for the purpose of drinking and'selling at retail the product of the brewery ought not to be deemed as separating it from the premises. If it could be so deemed, then the provision of the statute has little use. Its evasion would involve no inconvenience. We think therefore that the intervener was selling the product of its brewery “upon the premises.” It thereby lost the protection of the statute referred to, and its sales of intoxicating liquors to the plaintiff were unlawful, and its security for the indebtedness created was void under section 2423.
As to what is meant by the term “premises” in such a case, see: Words and Phrases, vol. 6, 5512; Downman v. State, 14 Ala. 242; Daly v. State, 33 Ala. 431; Stockwell v. State, 85 Ind. 522; Shields v. State, 95 Ind. 299; People v. Higgins, 56 Mich. 159 (22 N. W. 309); People v. Miller (Co. Ct.) 79 N. Y. Supp. 1122; Winlock v. State, 121 Ind. 531 (23 N. E. 514); Bandalow v. People, 90 Ill. 218.
The judgment below must therefore be reversed.