i. Evidence: matvation. A witness for the contestants was permitted to testify that the testator’s conversations with him were “rambling,” and that his physical condition during the time that he had known him was “weak and decrepit.” Another witness testified that, when the testator talked with him about personal business matters, “it was a conglomeration of his continual business.” These answers stated facts, and not conclusions, and were competent. Schmidt v. Dubuque, 136 Iowa, 401; Vannest v. Murphy, 135 Iowa, 123; Manatt v. Scott, 106 Iowa, 203.
c ^ „ padty!Tnonexpert evidence. Several nonexpert witnesses were permitted to testify that in their judgment the testator was of unsound mind when he executed the will in question, and the appellants assert that such opinions had no basis of ' or acts. It is true that in some instances ^ related by the witnesses as a basis for the opinion given were rather unsatisfactory, but the sufficiency of the facts as a basis for the opinion was a question for the jury, and not for the court. Stutsman v. Sharpless, 125 Iowa, 335. We have carefully examined the testimony of each witness, and find that in each instance there was some foundation for the opinion given.
3. Same: expert evidence. The will in question was made in March, 1907. A physician who had attended the deceased occasionally during the four or five years immediately prior to January, 1907, was allowed to testify as to his physical anJ mental condition at the time of such visits. Objection was made to the competency of the witness under the provisions of Code, section 4608. In Winters v. Winters, 102 Iowa, 53, we held that a physician was a competent witness as to the physical and mental condition of his patient, whether called by an executor of the will or by an heir who was contesting the validity of the will. This rule was followed in Kirsher v. Kirsher, 120 Iowa, 337, and is controlling here.
*1574’ AME‘ The same witness was also permitted to answer the following questions over the proponents’ objections: “What was your judgment as to his mental condition, as to whether or not, at the time you talked to him and that you have reference to in your testimony, he was capable of forming a rational opinion as to the value of any particular business or property that he had, especially we will say his farm at or near Owassa?” “You spoke of one time when he spoke of making a will, and his not remembering his grandchildren, and when he finally said he would go down and have Mr. Huff make his will, what was your judgment at that time, Doctor, of his mental condition, as to his capacity to know and remember the obligation, if any, that he was under to these children?” “And in reference to the management of the property did you hear him talk anything about that? What was your judgment as to whether or not he was able to intelligently comprehend the property he was talking about?” It is said that these questions called for the opinion of the witness on the ultimate question to be determined by the jury and were therefore incompetent. The record does not clearly show when any of the conversation occurred upon which the witness based his answers to the several questions; but it is shown that they were held within five or six years before the 1st of January, 1907, and that none of them took place after said date. It may be said that it fairly appears that the conversations and observations forming the basis of the opinion given occurred a year or more before the will was made. The questions and answers were therefore competent under the holding in Glass v. Glass, 127 Iowa, 646, and In re Overpeck's Will, 144 Iowa, 400.
*158s' AME' *157Another expert witness was asked this question: “Take a man who imagines he has all sorts of property and imagines large properties; . . . what do you say now as to whether at those times he was capable of forming a ra*158tional conclusion as to what property lie really did Have?” The same witness was also permitted to testify that the testator was not, in bis opinion, capable of forming a rational conclusion as to bis children and grandchildren. ■ This witness made tbe observations upon which be based bis answers to these questions at least a year and a half before tbe date of tbe will, and, as tbe questions called for tbe mental condition of tbe testator at that time, they were competent. Tbe contention that some of tbe questions put to this expert witness bad no basis in tbe evidence can not be sustained.
6 Same- evidence dftionnEr¡or°tó Wl11Still another witness testified that in 1903 be was present when tbe testator’s own son computed tbe interest on notes belonging to bis father and beard tbe talk between í^e two at that time, and that tbe testator did not then realize tbe amount and value of said notes. Tbe additional objection to such testimony is that it- related to a time too remote from tbe date of tbe will. Tbe evidence tended to show senile dementia at the time tbe will was made, and that there bad been a gradual loss of mental capacity extending over a period of several years. Tbe testimony tended to show tbe character of the testator’s mental incapacity, and was therefore competent.
„ . , 7. Same: decíatato°”s e°ví-tes' .dence. Tbe testimony of John Walker that be bad received nothing for bis services in caring for bis father’s property was competent as tending to rebut inferences to be drawn *from bis father’s alleged declaration “that ° would have bis (tbe father’s) property all ^sed Up ]3efore be died anyway.” In re Perkin’s Estate, 109 Iowa, 216.
It was also competent to show that tbe testator bad at one time offered to transfer bis property to bis son in consideration of future care and support. Bever v. Spangler, 93 Iowa, 579.
*159dencé Alarm-*158In March, 1906, a temporary guardian of tbe property *159of the testator was appointed upon a petition signed by the son, John Walker’. The contestants were permitted to put the petition in evidence for the purpose of showing that it had been filed, and the date thereof. There was no prejudice in the ruling, whether right or wrong, because the whole matter of the appointment of a guardian was then before'the jury.
9 Trial- statecourif: hirmless error. There was a difference of opinion among the witnesses as to the age of the testator when the will was made; some, of the testimony tended to show that he was about ninety-liTe- A witness was asked this question: “And if he was more than ninety years of age? -would you consider that senile dementia V’ The proponents objected to the question on the ground that the evidence of John Walker did not show that his father was more than ninety years old. In ruling on the objection, the court remarked that he had figured it up from the testimony of John. Walker and made the age ninety-five. Complaint is made of the statement of the court. The court did not express an opinion as to the testator’s age. What was said amounted to no more than a restatement of what the witness had testified to and that was already before the jury. Furthermore, the court instructed the jury to entirely disregard its statement relating to the age of Thomas Walker, and we must presume that the jury did in fact disregard it. Many other complaints are made of the rulings on the introduction of evidence; but we have referred to all rulings which seem to be of sufficient importance to require notice.
Complaint is .made of the following instructions:
A will proved to have been executed and attested as prescribed by law will be presumed to have been made by a person of sound mind; but, if testimony is shown which counterbalances that presumption, the party seeking to support such will must show by affirmative evidence that the testator was of sound mind when he executed the will.
A party competent to make a valid will should possess *160a mind capable of exercising judgment, reason, and deliberation, a mind capable of weighing "the consequences of his will and its effects to a certain degree upon his estate and family, and all persons devoid of such reason are incompetent to make a valid will.
I0'tai capacity? presumption: burden of proof. Both of these instructions have received the approval of this court. Bates v. Bates, 27 Iowa, 110; In re Evans’ Estate, 114 Iowa, 240. And, furthermore, the court in ■other instructions clearly told the jury that the contestants must prove mental incapacity *1111 . , „ , to make the will by the weight of the eviJ a deuce. Instruction six follows substantially the language of an instruction approved'in the eighth paragraph of the opinion in Howe v. Richards, 112 Iowa, 220.
II‘ifreMof “apW The objection to the seventh instruction is that it fixed too-high a standard of mental capacity. It is, however, in almost the exact language of an instruction approved in the fourth paragraph of the opinion in Meeker v. Meeker, 74 Iowa, 352, and the substance of which was again declared to be the rule in Perkins v. Perkins, 116 Iowa, 253. Criticism of the eighth instruction is urijust because similar instructions were approved in In re Winslow’s Estate, 146 Iowa, 67, and in Garretson v. Hubbard, 110 Iowa, 7. The tenth instruction is in the exact language of one approved in Stephenson v. Stephenson, 62 Iowa, 163. The substance of instruction fifteen given by the court was embodied in a request of the appellants, and they can not complain thereof. Instruction seventeen on the question of the unreasonableness of the will followed the rule in Manatt v. Scott, 106 Iowa, 203, and instruction eighteen was requested, by appellants. The instructions are criticised as a whole on the ground that they are conflicting and confusing. We have given the instructions, singly and as a whole, careful examination and consideration, and we are impressed with the care manifest in their preparation and the clear*161ness with which they presented to the jury the sole issue it was to determine.
While the contestants alleged undue influence and want of testamentary capacity, only the letter question was allowed to go to the jury, and the appellants now contend with a great deal of force that the evidence as a whole is insufficient to sustain the finding of the jury. .The question is not entirely free of doubt; but a separate and painstaking examination of the entire evidence submitted to the jury leads us to the conclusion that it gives such support to the verdict as to require an affirmance of the finding.
We find no error requiring or permitting a reversal of the judgment, and it is therefore affirmed.
Evans, J., took no part.