The court of commissioners, by their certificate expressly declaring, that they grant to Consilla, for improving land in the year 1775, and residing in the country twelve months afterward; and it appearing that their certificates to Stall and Briscoe were granted for raising corn in the district, the one in 1775 and the other in 1776, we are'of opinion that Consilla’s must be construed to be an actual settlement, and that Stall’s and Briscoe’s can only be considered as village rights, of which the actual settlements from the land law, and from reason and equity, ought to have the preference; and this opinion we are satisfied is right, from the consideration which must strike every person, that a village right, not being confined to any particular spot, may be laid wherever there is vacant land convenient to their village, or town, and under no farther restriction than this, viz: that it shall be land to which no other person hath, by this act, the right of pre emption. Chan. Rev. 91.
But an actual settlement is confined to a particular spot. It ■ must be sirrveyed so as to include the settlement on which it is founded, and can go nowhere else.
We can not admit parole proof to amend or explain an entry, but we think such proof may be received in support of an entry.
We must consider the entry as a record, and, therefore, on this occasion, and on all others, we give it its full weight. .There may be, however, in many cases (as we find in this) instances where it may be proper and necessary to admit parole proof to support an entry, and in such cases, and such only, we think parole proof can’ or ought to be received; and this opinion we find to be warranted by the most respectable authorities, and we think it is strictly conformable to justice and equity.
The plaintiff’s entry with the surveyor is, perhaps, not so full as it might have been made; this we think, however, is no objection to it; it refers to the entry with the commissioners, which is set forth in their certificate, and that being recorded with the surveyor, the defendant had by law a right to see and examine it; the commissioners’ certificate must, therefore, be considered as a part of the entry with the surveyor, the two together making the entry *89complete, by which the plaintiff is bound, and which the defendant, too, was bound to take notice of in making his entry.
We find that in the plaintiff’s entry there is sufficient matter to answer the requisition of the land law, if what is expressed with respect to the east fork of Salt river was entirely left out. We therefore think it right to consider that part of the entry as surplusage and of no effect.
This opinion, we think, is agreeable to law and equity, as it is also agreeable to a former determination of this court, in the case of Pawling v. Merewether’s heirs, where it was found that in Cowan’s (the plaintiff’s) entry there was uncertainty, and part of what he called for (to include head-waters, etc.) absolutely impossible. But the court considered that a part of his call, to-wit, to include his cabin, etc., being precise and certain, it was sufficient to answer the requisition of the law, and that such part thereof as was uncertain and impossible ought to be considered as surplusage.
The plaintiff having made his improvement in 1775 is*not positively or strictly proved by any of the depositions; some of them, however, together with his having no other land in the country, and declaring at a very early period that the place where he had improved was his choice of the whole country appearing clearly to this court, furnish a strong presumption that it was made then. But we must be of opinion that his having made his improvement in 1775 can not be controverted, for the commissioners’ certificate declares that such.was the ease. We must, therefore, consider that point to be fully proved.
We find it also proved to our satisfaction that the plaintiff made corn in the year 1776, and that Consilla’s spring and improvement were notorious to the neighborhood, and even to the defendant himself, long before he made his entries, and this we are of opinion in making his entries, he was bound to take notice-'of.
We find that neither the plaintiff in surveying his settlement, nor the defendant in surveying his own particular settlement’ right, have surveyed strictly agreeable to their entries; the difference, however, arising from this is inconsiderable, and includes so small a quantity of land that its value would not be equal to the expense of surveying; and as no other person is interested in this business, nor can any way be affected by this decree, we are therefore induced to pass over that Circumstance.
Decree for the complainant for all the land, either in the settlement and pre-emption held by the defendant in his own right, or *90in that held by him as assignee of Martin Stall, which shall be found to interfere with the complainant’s settlement. •
From this decree the defendant appealed, and at a court of appeals held for the commonwealth of Virginia, at the May term, 1792, the said decree was affirmed with costs, and the decree of affirmance being now produced to this court. It was decreed and ordered that the complainants proceed to carry into effect the former decree of this court, etc.
Note. — As a very important point is generally considered as having been settled by the opinion given in this cause, that is, that what was certified by the commissioners should be taken as true, and should not be contradicted. A summary of the whole of the testimony respecting the time of making Harman Consilla’s improvement is here given.
James Harrod swore that in the year 1775 Harman Consilla, came to Kentucky with him, and that in the year 1776 he made an improvement on the east branch of Salt river, at the place where Mark Lee has since lived (which was proved to be the place designated on the plat by the letter C).
That he cleared about 2 acres of land there, planted corn, tended it, and raised it to perfection.
That he often heard the said Consilla claim the land whereon he made the said improvement, as his choice of the country on which he designed to live, and that he never heard him claim any other.
Jacob Sodowskie swore that he was acquainted with Harman Consilla, and that he was frequently in company with him in the winter of 1776, at the place where Col. James Harrod since lived, in Mercer county; and that in the month of February, he believes, in the year 1776, he heard the said Harman Consilla say he was going out to Salt river to clear land to plant corn; and when he returned he informed him he had been at work clearing land.
Thomas Denton swore he was in Kentucky in the year 1776, and that he was at the spring where Mark Lee has since lived, and that his horse ate of the corn that had grown at an improvement at the said spring, and that Harman Consilla told him it was his spring and improvement.
The above was all the testimony produced to that point. The bill states that Harman Consilla obtained a certificate, but it is not alleged that he did improve in 1775. But the following interrogatory is put to the defendant, to-wit:
*91“ Whether he does not know, or believe, that the said Harman Consilla made an improvement and raised corn on the waters of Salt river in 1775, at or near a spring at which Mark Lee now lives?”
To which the defendant answers in the following words, to-wit:
“This defendant never knew, of his-own knowledge, that Harman Consilla ever raised corn where Mark Lee lives in 1775, or near the place; and he can not believe that was the place granted to the said Harman Consilla by the commissioners.”