The plaintiff is a partnership formed in Mississippi. The members of the partnership were Mrs. M. M. Sanders, a married woman, and her son, a minor 15 years of age. The manager of the firm was Chas. A. Sanders, the husband of Mrs. M. M. Sanders and the father of the minor.
In December, 1905, the manager made a contract with the defendants in which the latter agreed to deliver to plaintiffs the merchantable pine timber on lands which they claimed to own, for prices varying from $4 to $5 per 1,000, according to the quality of the timber.
At the date of the contract, the members of the plaintiff firm were residents of Mississippi; the defendants, residents of Louisiana.
The contract was entered into in Tangipahoa parish, and the trees sold were in this state.
The contract contains no special description of defendants’ land.
The partners, mother and son, before mentioned, moved to the parish of Tangipahoa, and, through the manager before mentioned, began the work of erecting a sawmill and of constructing two houses.
One of the houses was completed; the other was only partially constructed.
In addition, plaintiffs had four wells bored for water necessary to operate the sawmill which they were building.
In making the improvements, plaintiffs’ contention is that they expended $700.
*1011Plaintiffs claim $100 for loss of time and annoyance, $250 for fees of attorney, and $2,000 damages which they aver they would have realized if defendants had not, as they stated, violated the contract.
After one building had been constructed and the sawmill and another building partly constructed, plaintiffs allege that they learned that there were claims on the land on which the trees were standing.
They abandoned the contract without placing defendants in default, urging as a reason for abandonment that the asserted claims would prevent execution of the contract on the part of defendants.
Mrs. M. M. Sanders of the firm having departed this life in Louisiana after the suit had been brought, on the day that it was called for trial, Chas. Sanders, the husband, appeared in court and asked to be recognized as plaintiff in the case.
To go back to the suit and its personnel: We have seen that it was instituted in the name of the partnership composed of the minor and his mother.
Defendants originally controverted the right of these two to appear in the suit on the ground that the partnership had no legal existence, and that plaintiffs had no right to institute and prosecute this suit.
It is almost supererogation to state that the instrument before referred to as the basis of the suit is a Louisiana contract.
The wife suing on such a contract must be authorized by her husband.
He was not originally a party to the suit and never appeared as a party to the suit while she lived.
After her death he was without authority to appear in court and represent the succession and prosecute the suit. If he was the survivor in community, he had no right to stand in judgment. He was not the tutor of his minor son.
True, at the date that the father became a party "to the suit, the son was emancipated by marriage, but had only such authority as such emancipation confers. That did not authorize the son to ratify and make good that which was not good while he was a minor simply by continuing to appear in the suit.
He is a minor at this time.
Besides, if he could ratify that which had been done, though an absolute nullity, the succession would still not be represented in the suit, as the husband would not represent it by making himself a party to the suit without appointment by the court.
In fine, the partnership between the mother and her minor son did not have the most remote right to stand in judgment in Louisiana.
If it be claimed that it was a partnership under the laws of Mississippi, the position is still as untenable. There is no evidence before us that it is a legal partnership, under the laws of Mississippi.
No proof has been offered to sustain the position that in Mississippi such a partnership could be organized between the mother and her minor- son, and that without the least authority of the husband.
A suit cannot be brought in the name of a partnership that is absolutely null.
Articles of the Civil Code and decisions in point:
The wife not authorized to appear in court.
The wife who is a public merchant engaged in “separate trade” cannot appear in court without the authorization of her husband. Article 121, Rev. Civ. Code.
The husband must expressly authorize his wife". His tacit authorization will not suffice. Hedrick v. Banister, 10 La. Ann. 208.
A married woman who buys trees and has them sawed into lumber is not a public merchant. Moussier v. Gustine, 25 La. Ann. 36.
She cannot appear in court without the *1013authority of her husband or of the court. Rev. Civ. Code, art. 121.
Another of plaintiff’s points is that the contracts of the wife and minor are not subject to collateral attack.
To, this it suffices to state: A judgment for or against a minor, not legally represented, is null and will be so declared without having to resort to an appeal or action of nullity. Psyche v. Paradol, 6 La. 377. See, also, Baldwin v. Carleton, 11 Rob. 109; Thomas v. Breedlove, 6 La. 577; Bernard v. Vignaud, 1 Mart. (N. S.) 1.
Any one may have an absolute nullity pronounced. Quine v. Mayes, 2 Rob. 510.
A judgment against a minor not represented can have no effect. Bledsoe v. Erwin, 33 La. Ann. 618.
A judgment against one dead is void and can be so decreed at the instance of any interested person. Edwards v. Whited, 29 La. Ann. 647.
Plaintiffs cite article 1793 of the Revised Civil Code, . relating to contracts with incapacitated persons.
True, their property, transferred under a null contract, must be returned to them.
In such contract, in order that recovery may be had of the thing paid or given, a suit must be brought in the name of some one having capacity to sue.
To whom are defendants liable for the improvements and for other claims, if liable?
Not to M. M. ganders & Son, a nonexisting partnership which cannot legally, be heard in a lawsuit.
The judgment of the district court rejected plaintiffs’ demand. It must be amended in this respect.
It is therefore ordered, adjudged, and decreed that the suit be, and the same is hereby, dismissed, and plaintiffs’ demand is not allowed as in ease of nonsuit. Plaintiffs and appellees are condemned to pay the costs of appeal.