State v. Phillips

FOURNET, Chief Justice.

The defendant, George Peter Phillips, having been convicted under a bill of information charging him with “aggravated burglary of the inhabited dwelling owned by Fred Fandal, Sr.” and sentenced to 10 years at hard labor, prosecutes this appeal, relying for the reversal thereof upon certain errors allegedly committed during the trial of the case to which timely objections were made and bills of exception reserved.

The first bill of exception1 was reserved when the trial judge declined the special charge tendered by defense counsel touching upon the evaluation to be given by the jury of testimony to prove the identity of the defendant as the assailant. Although the trial judge approved this bill of exception as having been properly reserved, he did not attach any per curiam. However, the record shows, as reflected in the bills of exception and the minutes of the court, that when the counsel first tendered such request for the special charge the trial judge suggested counsel wait until he had given the general charge, in which he thought the matter would be covered; and upon completion thereof declared his “ * * reaction to the request for the special charges are that they are amply covered in the general charge I gave,” whereupon counsel reserved the bill.

Counsel for defendant, in urging the seriousness of this bill of exception, contends defendant was convicted primarily on identification by the prosecuting witness and circumstantial evidence — such as foot prints, burglary tools, men’s caps, and hair— none of which was identified as connected with or being owned by him; hence, the trial judge, in refusing to grant the requested charge, and in failing to cover the subject of identification in his general charge, committed reversible error.

The charge to the jury must cover every phase of the case supported by the evidence, whether accepted as true or not by the trial judge. State v. Robichaux, 165 La. 497 at page 507; 115 So. 728 at page 731, citing State v. Tucker, 38 La.Ann. 789; State v. Irvine, 126 La. 434, 52 So. 567; State v. Atkins, 136 La. 844, 67 So. 926. To the same effect see State v. Youngblood, 235 La. 1087, 106 So.2d 689. And “ * * * When from the evidence the jury might reach a conclusion of fact favorable to accused, the judge should not limit his charge, if requested, on a theory favorable to accused;” as “It is his duty to charge upon every phase of the case made by the evidence, and where evidence is offered to prove a certain state of facts, and it is claimed that they are proved, he should, if requested, charge what the law is as *707•applicable to the facts claimed to be proved, ■whether' he believes or attaches any importance 'to this evidence or not, since it belongs to the jury alone to determine the weight- and credibility of the evidence. •* * *” Marr’s Criminal Jurisprudence of La., Vol. 2, pp. 1031, 1028. Conceding therefore, without deciding, that counsel for the State are correct in their contention that the requested charge as drawn was not wholly correct ánd wordd require some modification, we think such a charge should have been included in the general charge since it was within the exclusive province of the jury to determine if the defendant was, in fact, the person who committed the crime, a most important phase of the case in view of the fact that the prime defense was mistaken identity. The judge’s failure to charge the jury on evaluating such evidence' clearly constitutes reversible error. State v. Hills, 241 La. 345, 129 So.2d 12. In the case under consideration, a perusal of the general charge discloses the matter of identification was not covered, or even referred to by the trial judge although it was his mandatory duty to give the law on this subject in his charge.

The last bill of exception, reserved to the trial judge’s overruling of the motion in arrest of judgment, is clearly without merit, as it is based upon, the allegation that the bill of information under which the defendant was convicted is fatally defective because it was not drawn in strict compliance with the short form as provided in the Code of Criminal Procedure inasmuch as the word “inhabited” is included therein immediately preceding the word “dwelling”. The fact that this word was used did not vitiate the bill for it must be treated as surplusage. State v. Iseringhausen, 204 La. 593, 16 So.2d 65; State v. Scott, 223 La. 769, 66 So.2d 802; State v. O’Brien, 226 La. 807, 77 So.2d 402.

For the reasons assigned the conviction and sentence are annulled and set aside and the case is remanded to the lower court for a new trial.

HAWTHORNE, SANDERS and SUMMERS, JJ., dissent with written reasons.

. The second bill of exception was reserved to the trial judge’s denial of defendant’s motion for a new trial which was based primarily on the error allegedly committed in the ruling forming bill of exception number 1.