dissenting.*' John McDonogh, a resident"of Louisiana, leaving ^ ¡arge estate, appointed, by his will, executors residing in and out of the State of Louisiana. Four of those appointed in the State, were qualified, and four of those residing without the State.
Questions are presented in relation to the respective rights of these executors, which, I think, might be postponed until the decision of the main case now before the court. But as the decisions are pressed, I will give my conclusions, without going at length into the reasons until the main questions, with regard to the will, are decided.
The whole estate of McDonogh appears, to me, to be so much involved in controversies, that, as at present advised, I am of opinion, that commissions on the whole property, will be but a just and reasonable compensation for his numerous executors. They should be paid only as the estate is passed over to his creditors, legatees or heirs. I should infer this from article 1676 of the code, and 1067 of the Code of Practice; but when I compare article 1663, with 1182 of the code, the inference is irresistible.
In making the estimate of the amount of the commissions, property, which is of no value, is to be deducted. That is the meaning of the term productive, in the article 1676 of the code allowing commissions.
I do not believe McDonogh intended to make any distinction between his executors, as to their powers. He made the cities of Baltimore and New Orleans, his universal legatees. Considering the whole of his will, it appears to me, he intended that the foreign executors should see his whole will carried into effect, but guard especially the interests of the city of Baltimore, and of the colonization society; and that his executors in this State, should guard especially the interest of New Orleans, and some of her charitable institutions.
This object would probably fail of its accomplishment, if the foreign executors were required to give security like dative executors. He, therefore, never intended it. Does the 3d section of the act of the 16th of March, 1842, imperatively require it ?
It is an act providing “ for the administration of the successions of strangers dying, possessed of property, within the State of Louisiana, and for other purposes.” The object of the act, as expressed in the title, does not necessarily embrace the estate or executors of McDonogh, who was not a stranger, but an ancient citizen of this State. I do not think the spirit of the act applicable to this case. The object of the act, was to prevent a foreign executor representing the whole estate, from carrying off the whole property, without accounting to our courts. That is impossible, where there are resident as well as non-resident executors, and joint resident and non-resident legatees of the whole estate, entitled to claim its immediate seizin by their commissioners. Indeed, it appears, that by a writ of sequestration on behalf of the States of Maryland and Louisiana, the great mass of the succession is tied up. so, that, apparently, it is not in the hands of the executors. So that the security for the faithful administration of the foreign executors, would, under all the circumstances, be but nominal. Code 1034. I do not think, therefore, that the appointment of the foreign executors, should be vacated on account of not having furnished it. Much less should their appointment be vacated for having returned to their homes, without leaving powers of attorney. Their *475co-executors, in such case, act for them, for whose acts they are responsible. Code, art. 1674. The article of the code 1149, and the act of 1849, relied upon for revoking their appointment, on account of absence, refers to cases where their absence leaves the estate unrepresented. No such thing existed in this case. To be a cause for dismissing them, it must also appear, that the succession suffered loss by their absence. Nothing of the kind is pretended. They were strangers, not advised, so far as appears, of these local laws which probably exist no where else. They complied with them, as soon as advised of the necessity. I do not see in the records, the least disposition, on their part, to neglect their duty, disregard our laws, or not to pay the most implicit obedience to our courts. In all respects, I think, they stand upon the same footing with the domestic executors, and have, with them, a great and difficult duty to perform, to execute a somewhat anomalous will in this State, disposing of a very large estate for purposes of great public utility, the execution of which, will require the united exertions and wisdom of all the executors; and for which, probably, commissions on the whole estate, will not be more than an adequate compensation.
The dissenting opinion of Judge Preston, expressed his views of these eases, and also of the following case on the opposition of HomcMrA, Gurley and Mayer, to the account of the executors of John McDonogh, JJy agreement of counsel, these suits were consolidated.