*763On the Merits.
Breaux, J.The proceeds of the sale of the property, upon which there existed a mortgage and vendor’s privilege, were not sufficient in amount to satisfy the mortgage and vendor’s privilege of the intervenor, and the privilege of plaintiff for repairs upon the building constructed on the property thus mortgaged.
The plaintiff claims a preference over the proceeds to the amount of his claim, to which he would undoubtedly have been entitled if his privilege had been recorded in time.
The intervenor alleges that the contract claimed by plaintiff was not reduced to writing and recorded; that plaintiff did not apply for a separate appraisement, and as a result the land and the improvements were sold together without regard to any privilege.
The District Court recognized the intervenor as the owner of the two notes she holds, secured by vendor’s privilege, and ordered the sheriff to turn over to her the proceeds of the property and to retain in his hands sufficient to satisfy only the costs of sale.
From the judgment the plaintiff prosecutes this appeal.
The amount of intervenor’s claim and the date of her privilege are not contested.
With reference to the privilege claimed by the plaintiff as entitled to preference, it is radically null against third persons, for no agreement was reduced to writing and registered, as required by the article of the Code. The amount claimed is over five hundred dollars. In express terms a written contract is made a prerequisite to the privilege.
The following is the language of the Code:
“No agreement or undertaking for work exceeding five hundred dollars which has not been reduced to writing and registered with the Recorder of Mortgages shall enjoy the privilege above granted.” O. C. 2775.
Interpreting this article, this court, many years ago, announced that there are two requisites to secure a privilege. Taylor vs. Crain, 16 La. 220, 292. The utterances of the court were equally as clear in Spence vs. Brooks, 6 An. 63, 64, in which case no agreement had been reduced to writing and registered. In Charity Hospital vs. Stickney, 2 An. 550, 551, the court held that the amount due, or to become due, to entitle one to the benefit of a privilege similar to the privilege claimed here, must be fixed in the contract when the amount exceeds the sum stated.
*764A similar question was at issue in McRae vs. Creditors, 16 An. 306.
Passing from the question of the written contract needful to secure a contractor’s privilege, the registry of plaintiff’s claim in time vel non is the issue next in order for our consideration.
No privilege has preference over pre-existing mortgages and privileges unless “ the act or other evidence of the debt is recorded within seven days from the date of the act or other obligation of indebtedness.” Act No. 46 of 1877.
It is suggested in behalf of plaintiff, claiming a preference, that the “obligation of indebtedness here stands, by clerical or typographical error, for evidence of indebtedness,” and that the penal term (if there was a clerical error or an error in printing committed) was seven days from the confection of the original act, or from the date of other evidence of indebtedness.
It must be conceded that the language of the act, at this point, is peculiar. It is not at all manifest that the error, which plaintiff asserts, was committed. The legislator used the word “obligation;” as interpreter of his will we are not authorized to substitute the word “ evidence.”
It is reasonable to presume that it was intended to ñx a time of recording in order to secure a privilege; that is, from the “date of the obligation;” the rule has certainty in that case, but if it were fixed from “the evidence of the indebtedness” the privilege would become extremely uncertain, and frequently depend upon the mere consent of the debtor contrary to the well settled principle that privileges are independent of the convention of the parties.
As a fact, we have stated that the obligation dated from the 6th of a month and was recorded on the 14th.
The next objection in order: a separate appraisement is urged by intervenor to plaintiff’s claim. It is a fact that the sale was not preceded by an appraisement.
Interpreting Art. 3268 this court held that the furnisher is not “entitled to a privilege if he allows the building and the lotto be sold without a separate appraisement.” Succession of Cox, 32 An. 1035, 1036.
In Hoy, Tutor, vs. Peterman, 28 An. 289, the claim had been recorded in time, and yet the court held that it was lost by permitting the sale of the house without a separate appraisement.
There are a number of decisions upon this point; we will not *765discuss the subject further, for we rest our conclusion on the ground of failure to reduce the contract to writing and register the claim in time.
In the matter of costs, we do not understand that there is any material difference between the plaintiff and the intervenor. The costs include those, it is claimed by the plaintiff, should be deducted from the proceedings for the sale.
The judgment appealed from is therefore affirmed.