Before the Panel:* All plaintiffs move under 28 U.S.C. § 1407 to centralize pretrial proceedings in this litigation in the Middle District of Tennessee or, alternatively, the Southern District of Texas. Defendants Express Courier International, Inc. d/b/a LSO Final Mile and EMP LSO Holding Corp. (together, "Express") oppose the motion. This litigation consists of thirteen actions pending in thirteen districts, as listed on Schedule A.
Plaintiffs, current or former courier drivers for Express, allege that they were misclassified by Express as independent contractors under the Fair Labor Standards Act ("FLSA") and seek as damages unpaid overtime and/or minimum wages. Plaintiffs bring their claims on an individual basis, following the decertification of a collective class action in the Western District of Arkansas. See Harris v. Express Courier Int'l, Inc. , C.A. No. 5:16-5033, 2017 WL 5606751 (W.D. Ark. Nov. 21, 2017).
On the basis of the papers filed and hearing session held, we conclude that centralization is not necessary for the convenience of the parties and witnesses or to further the just and efficient conduct of the litigation. All actions do involve questions of fact as to the classification of Express couriers as independent contractors, as well as about whether Express denied plaintiffs minimum and overtime wages under the FLSA. The thirteen actions pending encompass the claims of more than 750 plaintiffs.
Despite the overlap in plaintiffs' allegations and the number of pending claims, we are not convinced that centralization will deliver significant benefits in terms of enhancing the efficient conduct of these actions or the convenience of the parties. The determination of whether an individual is an employee or an independent contractor requires an individualized inquiry involving multiple factors. The Panel has found that centralization of wage and hour litigation is less appropriate where it would involve significant localized discovery.1 In granting defendants' motion for *1378decertification in Harris , the Western District of Arkansas found it "quite clear" that Express's "treatment of its couriers varied so greatly, from location to location, and even from courier to courier." Harris , 2017 WL 5606751, at *6.
While we are not bound by the court's decertification order, its findings persuade us that centralization is not necessary to prevent duplicative discovery. Given the advanced stage of the Harris action and the complete overlap of counsel in all actions, it does not appear that much further discovery is necessary, aside from plaintiff-specific discovery. And the discovery produced in Harris can be used by the parties to all actions. Plaintiffs argue that centralization is necessary to ensure an efficient discovery schedule. But we have emphasized that "centralization under Section 1407 should be the last solution after considered review of all other options." In re: Best Buy Co., Inc., Cal. Song-Beverly Credit Card Act Litig. , 804 F.Supp.2d 1376, 1378 (J.P.M.L. 2011). While, as plaintiffs argue, thirteen courts are not obligated to adopt a discovery schedule agreed to by the parties, the parties should attempt such informal means of coordination before resorting to Section 1407 centralization.
IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED that the motion for centralization of these actions is denied.
SCHEDULE A
MDL No. 2854 - IN RE: EXPRESS COURIER INTERNATIONAL, INC., FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT (FLSA) AND WAGE AND HOUR LITIGATION
Northern District of Alabama
BASCOMB, ET AL. v. EXPRESS COURIER INTERNATIONAL, INC., ET AL., C.A. No. 2:18-00064
Eastern District of Arkansas
BARNETTE, ET AL. v. EXPRESS COURIER INTERNATIONAL, INC., ET AL., C.A. No. 4:18-00004
Northern District of Florida
MARSHALL, ET AL. v. EXPRESS COURIER INTERNATIONAL, INC., ET AL., C.A. No. 4:18-00048
Northern District of Georgia
RYTE, ET AL. v. EXPRESS COURIER INTERNATIONAL, INC., ET AL., C.A. No. 1:18-00186
Western District of Kentucky
BELL, ET AL. v. EXPRESS COURIER INTERNATIONAL, INC., ET AL., C.A. No. 5:18-00011
Eastern District of Louisiana
CARTER, ET AL. v. EXPRESS COURIER INTERNATIONAL, INC., ET AL., C.A. No. 2:18-00156
Eastern District of Missouri
BARBER, ET AL. v. EXPRESS COURIER INTERNATIONAL, INC., ET AL., C.A. No. 4:18-00010
*1379Northern District of Mississippi
CAMPBELL, ET AL. v. EXPRESS COURIER INTERNATIONAL, INC., ET AL., C.A. No. 3:18-00011
Western District of North Carolina
ALLEN, ET AL. v. EXPRESS COURIER INTERNATIONAL, INC., ET AL., C.A. No. 3:18-00028
Northern District of Oklahoma
NICKS, ET AL. v. EXPRESS COURIER INTERNATIONAL, INC., ET AL., C.A. No. 4:18-00030
District of South Carolina
BRANDON, ET AL. v. EXPRESS COURIER INTERNATIONAL, INC., ET AL., C.A. No. 3:18-00128
Middle District of Tennessee
ACKLIN, ET AL. v. EXPRESS COURIER INTERNATIONAL, INC., ET AL., C.A. No. 3:18-00028
Southern District of Texas
ARROYO, ET AL. v. EXPRESS COURIER INTERNATIONAL, INC., ET AL., C.A. No. 4:18-00010
Judge Lewis A. Kaplan took no part in the decision of this matter.
See In re: CVS Caremark Corp. Wage & Hour Emp't Practices Litig. , 684 F.Supp.2d 1377, 1379 (J.P.M.L. 2010) (discussing three broad circumstances in which centralization wage and hour litigation is less compelling: (1) when the duties of the subject employees appear subject to significant local variances or would entail significant localized discovery; (2) when the defendants and/or some of the plaintiffs oppose centralization; and (3) when only a few actions or procedurally dissimilar actions are involved in the litigation).