United States Court of Appeals,
Eleventh Circuit.
No. 96-5415.
Jamie BABICZ, Jennifer Babicz, by and through their parents and friends, Jerome Babicz and
Joyce Babicz, Jerome Babicz, individually, Joyce Babicz, individually, Plaintiffs-Appellants,
v.
The SCHOOL BOARD OF BROWARD COUNTY, Frank Petruzielo, in his official capacity as
Superintendent of the Broward County Public Schools, Daniel O'Keefe, in his official capacity as
Principal of Ramblewood Middle School, a Broward County Public School, Defendants-Appellees.
Feb. 26, 1998.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida. (No. 96-6464-CV-
KLR), Kenneth L. Ryskamp, Judge.
Before DUBINA and BARKETT, Circuit Judges, and HILL, Senior Circuit Judge.
PER CURIAM:
In 1996, Appellants Jerome and Joyce Babicz, on behalf of their children, Jamie and Jennifer,
filed a civil rights action under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 against the School Board of Broward County,
Florida (School Board), Dr. Frank R. Petruzielo (School Superintendent), and Mr. Daniel O'Keefe
(Principal), for their alleged failure to provide the Babicz children with equal educational
opportunities under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act (Section 504), 29 U.S.C. § 7941, and Title
II of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), 42 U.S.C. §§ 12131, et seq.2 On the basis that the
1
The Rehabilitation Act provides that "[n]o otherwise qualified individual with a disability in
the United States ... shall, solely by reason of her or his disability, be excluded from the
participation in, be denied the benefit of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or
activity receiving Federal financial assistance...." 29 U.S.C. § 794.
2
The ADA provides that "[s]ubject to the provisions of this subchapter, no qualified
individual with a disability shall, by reason of such disability, be excluded from participation in
or be denied the benefits of the services, programs, or activities of a public entity, or be subjected
to discrimination by any such entity." 42 U.S.C. § 12132.
Babiczes failed to exhaust their administrative remedies under Section 1415(f)3 of the Individuals
with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), 20 U.S.C. § 1400, the district court dismissed their
complaint (without prejudice) for lack of subject matter jurisdiction.4 We affirm.
I. FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
At the time the complaint was filed, Jamie and Jennifer were students at Ramblewood
Middle School, a Broward County public school. The sisters have chronic asthma, a respiratory
illness affecting their breathing and lung capacity, allergies, migraine syndrome and sinusitis.5
Understandably, they miss a significant number of school days. Recognizing that Jamie and Jennifer
have "disabilities that limit a major life activity," the school issued written formal accommodations
for the girls (Section 504 plans).6 The complaint, seeking compensatory damages and injunctive
relief, alleges that the school failed to implement the Section 504 plans and retaliated against Mrs.
3
This section, titled "Effect on other laws," reads:
Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to restrict or limit the rights,
procedures, and remedies available under the Constitution, title V of the
Rehabilitation Act of 1973 [29 U.S.C.A. § 790 et seq.], or other Federal statutes
protecting the rights of children and youth with disabilities, except that before the
filing of a civil action under such laws seeking relief that is also available under
this subchapter, the procedures under subsections (b)(2) and (c) of this section
shall be exhausted to the same extent as would be required had the action been
brought under this subchapter.
20 U.S.C. § 1415(f).
4
In 1990, Congress changed the name of the Education of the Handicapped Act (EHA),
Pub.L. No. 101-476, 104 Stat. 1141 (1990), to the IDEA.
5
The complaint alleges they are "qualified persons with disabilities" within the meaning of
Section 504 and the ADA.
6
While at home, the 504 plans provided the girls with notice of their assignments and
make-up work. While at school, the 504 plans provided them with access to inhalers, nebulizers
and oxygen to manage their asthma medically.
Babicz7 and the girls after they hired an attorney.8 The district court granted the Appellees' motion
to dismiss for lack of subject matter jurisdiction on the basis that the Babiczes failed to exhaust their
administrative remedies under Section 1415(f) of the IDEA.
II. STANDARD OF REVIEW
We review the district court grant of the Appellees' motion to dismiss for lack of subject
matter jurisdiction de novo. Barnett v. Bailey, 956 F.2d 1036, 1039 (11th Cir.1992).
III. DISCUSSION
The issue on appeal is whether the Babiczes must first exhaust their administrative remedies
under Section 1415(f) of the IDEA before presenting federal claims regarding the denial of publicly
financed special education under Section 504 and the ADA. See Smith v. Robinson, 468 U.S. 992,
1009, 104 S.Ct. 3457, 3467, 82 L.Ed.2d 746 (1984). While one of first impression in this circuit,
this issue has been thoughtfully considered by both the Second Circuit in Hope v. Cortines, 69 F.3d
687 (2d Cir.1995)9 and the Seventh Circuit in Charlie F. by Neil F. v. Board of Educ. of Skokie
School District 68, 98 F.3d 989 (7th Cir.1996). Both circuits concluded that claims asserted under
Section 504 and/or the ADA are subject to Section 1415(f)'s requirement that litigants exhaust the
IDEA's administrative procedures to obtain relief that is available under the IDEA before bringing
7
The complaint alleges that Mrs. Babicz was forced out of her position as PTA president; was
restricted from moving freely within the school, followed sometimes by school personnel; and
was denied a visitor's pass on two occasions to attend a pre-arranged teacher conference.
8
The complaint alleges that both girls entered a school contest sponsored by the National
PTA; that the national rules were not followed, and as a result, the girls were excluded from
receiving awards. Jamie was accused of plagiarism, was denied a spot on the school's basketball
team under suspicious circumstances and was told her mother was not welcome on campus. The
complaint alleges that this retaliation resulted in increased asthma attacks.
9
The Second Circuit in essence affirms on the basis of the district court opinion that contains
a detailed analysis. Hope v. Cortines, 872 F.Supp. 14, 18-22 (E.D.N.Y.1995).
suit under Section 504 and/or the ADA.10 Hope, 69 F.3d at 688; Charlie F., 98 F.3d at 992.11 We
agree.
IV.
The district court's dismissal of the Babicz' complaint without prejudice for lack of subject
matter jurisdiction is affirmed.
AFFIRMED.
10
Any student who wants "relief that is available under" the IDEA must use the IDEA's
administrative system, even if he invokes a different statute. Charlie F., 98 F.3d at 991. IDEA
defines the term "children with disabilities" with two prongs. The first prong includes those
suffering from a long list of handicaps and "other health impairments" such as asthma, 20 U.S.C.
§ 1401(a)(1)(A)(I); see also 34 C.F.R. § 300.7(b)(8), and, the second prong includes those,
"who, by reason thereof, need special education and related services." 20 U.S.C. §
1401(a)(1)(A)(ii). We find the Babicz' argument that they do not fit within the ambit of IDEA as
they do not require "special education and related services" as a result of their disabilities, just
"related services," to be meritless. Implicit in this legal strategy to avoid IDEA is an apparent
desire for compensatory damages not available under IDEA. See Waterman by Waterman v.
Marquette-Alger Intermediate School Dist., 739 F.Supp. 361, 365 (W.D.Mich.1990)("EHA
exhaustion must occur before plaintiffs may file an action under any other federal law seeking
relief that is also available under the EHA ... The fact that plaintiffs seek a particular type of
relief ... not available under EHA ... is immaterial. To hold otherwise would allow EHA
plaintiffs to frustrate Congressional purpose by bypassing the administrative process in virtually
every case containing EHA, section 504, or section 1983 damages claims") (citations omitted).
11
The Seventh Circuit disagreed with the district court over the question of subject-matter
jurisdiction. It vacated its judgment and remanded with instruction to dismiss for failure to
exhaust IDEA's administrative remedies.