The AFRICAN METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, INC., Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
Marie WARD, Individually and as a Trustee of Brown Chapel African Methodist Episcopal Church,
Willie M. Reid, et al., Defendants-Appellees.
No. 98-8393.
United States Court of Appeals,
Eleventh Circuit.
Aug. 25, 1999.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Middle District of Georgia. (No. 5:95-CV-454-2(DF),
Duross Fitzpatrick, Judge.
Before TJOFLAT and BIRCH, Circuit Judges, and BRIGHT*, Senior Circuit Judge.
TJOFLAT, Circuit Judge:
This case arises out of a property dispute between the national African Methodist Episcopal Church,
Inc. (the "AME Church"), and a Eatonton, Georgia, congregation currently known as Brown's Chapel
Community Church ("Brown's Chapel"). For over one hundred years, beginning in the late nineteenth
century, Brown's Chapel was part of the AME Church. Then, in July 1994, the membership of Brown's
Chapel voted to disassociate from the AME Church and become an independent, unaffiliated congregation.
The congregation continued to meet in the building that it had used prior to the disassociation.
In October 1995, the AME Church filed this suit in the United States District Court for the Middle
District of Georgia, seeking a declaratory judgment stating that the AME Church is the legal and equitable
owner of the property on which Brown's Chapel is meeting, and an injunction forbidding the Brown's Chapel
congregation to cease using the property.1 The named defendants in the lawsuit were Marie Ward,
*
Honorable Myron H. Bright, Senior U.S. Circuit Judge for the Eighth Circuit, sitting by designation.
1
The complaint also sought damages, but the damages claim was subsequently abandoned.
individually and as a trustee of Brown's Chapel African Methodist Episcopal Church, and Willie M. Reid,
individually and as a trustee of Brown's Chapel African Methodist Episcopal Church.2
The AME Church then sent each of the defendants (via certified mail) a copy of the complaint, a
summons, a "notice of lawsuit" form, and a form asking the defendants to waive formal service of process.
See generally Fed.R.Civ.P. 4(d)(2). Each defendant returned the mail, unopened, with the notation "Refused.
Do not send anymore." Consequently, the AME Church had to resort to formal service of process, and
therefore asked the county sheriff to serve each defendant with a copy of the complaint and summons.
Defendant Ward repeatedly refused to answer her door to accept service of process. Consequently, the sheriff
served Ms. Ward's niece (Ms. Mary Alice Smith), explained to Ms. Smith the purpose and importance of
service of process, and accompanied Ms. Smith to Ms. Ward's house. Ms. Smith was granted admittance to
Ms. Ward's house, discussed the lawsuit with Ms. Ward, and then gave the service papers to Ms. Ward.
Defendant Reid was personally served by the sheriff in February 1996. The sheriff explained to Ms. Reid
the significance of the service papers and her obligation to respond.
Neither defendant answered the AME Church's complaint. (It later came to light that the pastor of
Brown's Chapel had instructed the defendants to ignore any legal papers they received from the AME
Church.) Consequently, in January 1997, the clerk of court entered a default as to both defendants. Then,
after a hearing, a default judgment was entered against both defendants, granting the declaratory and
injunctive relief requested by the AME Church.
The following month (February 1997), the congregation at Brown's Chapel discovered that it had
been locked out of the church building that it had been using, on the basis of the default judgment obtained
by the AME Church. The defendants, along with Brown's Chapel, responded by moving the court to (1) set
aside the default and the default judgment, and (2) allow Brown's Chapel to intervene in the lawsuit as a party
2
Under the internal operating rules of the AME Church, each local congregation holds its property in
trust for the AME Church; the trust is managed by a board of trustees selected by the local congregation.
Although there is some dispute about the matter, Ms. Ward and Ms. Reid appear to have been the trustees
at the time that Brown's Chapel separated from the AME Church.
2
defendant. Both motions were granted. The defendants then moved for summary judgment; the motion was
granted. The AME Church appeals, contending, inter alia, that the district court abused its discretion in
setting aside the default and the default judgment. We agree.
The Federal Rules of Civil Procedure allow a court to set aside a default "for good cause," Fed R.
Civ. P. 55(c), and to set aside a default judgment on the basis of "mistake, inadvertence, surprise, or excusable
neglect," or for "any other reason justifying relief from the judgment." Fed.R.Civ.P. 60(b)(1), (6); see also
Fed R. Civ. P. 55(c). Thus, a district court may set aside an entry of default only if the defaulting party can
provide a good reason for the district court to do so. See Gower v. Knight (In re Knight ), 833 F.2d 1515,
1516 (11th Cir.1987).
The appellees contend that the district court properly granted their motion to set aside the default
because Brown's Chapel, the alleged title holder of the property in dispute, was not named as a defendant.
It is certainly the case that Brown's Chapel should have been named as a defendant in this lawsuit. This,
however, is not a reason for setting aside the default. On the contrary, because Brown's Chapel was not
named as a defendant, it is not bound by the judgment. Instead, the default judgment in this case binds only
two individuals—Ms. Ward and Ms. Reid. In other words, the default judgment means only that as between
the AME Church and Ms. Ward and Ms. Reid, the AME Church has superior title.3 It has no implications
for Brown's Chapel; if the AME Church wishes to establish superior title as to Brown's Chapel, it will need
to bring a separate lawsuit.4
The district court, in granting the defendants' motion to set aside the default and the default
judgment, provided no reason for granting the motion other than its belief that the case ought to be decided
on the merits. This is certainly a noble sentiment; inherent in the adversary system of justice is the idea that
3
The fact that the lawsuit was brought against Ms. Ward and Ms. Reid in both their individual capacity
and "as trustee of Brown's Chapel African Methodist Episcopal Church" is of no moment. This means
only that the AME Church has superior title to these individuals as both individuals and trustees; it
means nothing in regard to the Brown's Chapel organization.
4
Preferably a quiet title action—which is what this lawsuit should have been all along.
3
each side ought to be heard prior to a court's entry of final judgment. However, that same system requires
that the court have the power to compel parties to appear before it. The threat of default (and default
judgment) is the court's primary means of compelling defendants in civil cases to appear before the court.
If these defaults could be put aside without cause, the threat of default would be meaningless, and courts
would lose much of their power to compel participation by civil defendants.
In sum, the defendants have simply failed to provide a satisfactory reason for the district court to set
aside the default (or the subsequent default judgment). Consequently, the judgment of the district court is
REVERSED and the case is REMANDED with instructions to reinstate the default and the default judgment.
SO ORDERED.
4