The opinion of the court was delivered by
Valentine, J.:This was an action brought by the plaintiff in error, in the probate court of Shawnee county, on an ac*141count against the defendant in error, as executor of the estate of Emma J. Rogers, deceased, who at the time of her death was the wife of the defendant in error. When the said Emma J. Rogers was seven years of age, her mother intermarried with plaintiff in error, and said Emma J., with her brother, lived with her mother and step-father as one of the family, working and discharging the duties of a child, without any contract or understanding that she was to be paid for her labor, or that she was to pay for her maintenance. After she became of age, she married the defendant, and soon after her marriage, died. The account of plaintiff in error is for board and clothing, furnished to the said Emma J., his step-child, while she was a minor. The plaintiff proved his account in accordance with the facts above stated, and rested: whereupon the defendant in error moved the court for judgment upon the pleadjngs and evidence, which motion was sustained by the probate court. The plaintiff took the case to the district court, on petition in error, where the judgment of the probate court was affirmed, and the plaintiff now brings the case to this court for review.
The only errors complained of by the plaintiff in error as occurring in either the probate court or the district court, are as follows: First, The court erred in sustaining the motion of the defendant for judgment. Second, The said judgment was given for the said defendant, when it ought to have been given for the said Charles E. Smith, according to the law of the land.
Did either court commit any substantial error? For the purposes of this case, we shall suppose that the plaintiff in error has so preserved his exceptions to all questioned rulings of the courts below, and so got his case into this court, that we may hear and determine the case upon its merits; but this supposition is extremely favorable to the plaintiff in error. Upon the merits of this case, we think the plaintiff in error must fail. He cannot recover for the board, clothing, etc., for which he has charged. During all the time while he was *142furnishing such board, etc., he stood in loco parentis toward the said Emma J. Rogers, then Emma J. Hill. They sustained the relation toward each other of substantially parent and child. When said Emma J. was only seven years old, and living with her mother, Mrs. Susannah Hill, the plaintiff married the mother and took the child along with the mother to live with him; and from that time on, for about twelve years, the girl lived with her mother and the plaintiff as one of their family, receiving boarding, clothing, schooling, etc., and performing services as one of the family with -no thought or expectation on the part of any one that anybody should give or receive any other or further compensation for these mutual benefits and services. When the girl was about nineteen years old, she married the defendant, and soon afterward died. The defendant having been appointed her executor, the plaintiff commenced this action in the probate court against him, with the result aforesaid.
We think the decisions of the courts below were correct* We think Mr. Schouler in his work on the Domestic Relations, (p. 378,) states the law governing this case very correctly. His language is as follows: “ It is well settled that in the absence of statutes, a person is not entitled to the custody and earnings of step-children, nor bound by law to maintain them. Yet, if a step-father voluntarily assumes the care and support of a step-child, he stands in loco parentis; and the presumption is, that they deal with each other as parent and child, and not as master and servant — in which case the ordinary rules of parent and child will be held to apply, and neither compensation for board is presumed on the one hand, nor for services on the other.” We do not think that the plaintiff is entitled to recover in this case, and hence the judgment of the court below must be affirmed.
All the Justices concurring.