At the September term, 1870, of the circuit court of the first .district of Hinds county, the plaintiff in error was indicted, tried, and conyicted of a charge of assault, with intent to kill, one Wiley Covington.
The indictment was presented and filed September 12th, and the accused was arraigned and pleaded not guilty on the same day. On the 23d day of the same month, a motion *673for the continuance of the cause was made by defendant upon an affidavit of the said Robert B. Lundy, stating that “ he is unable and cannot safely go to trial in consequence of the absence of Ira Curtis, who has not been regularly subpoenaed to this term of the court, as a witness in bis behalf. Affiant states that said Curtis is a very material witness in his behalf; that said witness is not absent by his procurement or consent; that said witness is within the jurisdiction of .this court; that a subpoena was regularly sued out, and that affiant does not know the reason or cause of said witness’ absence ; that affiant expects to prove by said witness that William E. Hendricks, the. principal and most important witness subpoeaned for the state, has used a threat against said affiant, saying that if he could not convict said affiant by telling the truth he would otherwise, meaning thereby, that he, the said William E. Hendricks, would swear falsely against said affiant.
The affidavit further set forth the absence of a brother of affiant, for whom no subpoena had been issued, but whose presence was relied upon by letter. The application for a continuance was denied, and the trial proceeded on the same day, resulting in a verdict of guilty. On the day following, a motion for a new trial was made upon the ground stated' in an affidavit of counsel for the accused, and because the verdict was contrary to the law and the evidence. The affidavit of counsel states that “ he was taken by surprise upon the trial of said cause ; that when the same was called he understood the sheriff to report that all the witnesses for the defense, for whom subpoenas had been issued, were present, but one, and therefore, went into the trial of said cause. After the testimony had been adduced on the part of the state, affiant was informed by the sheriff that only two wit-neses were present, and those two not important witnesses to the defense ; that affiant had misunderstood said sheriff, and was thereby surprised and not prepared with the expected testimony in said cause.”
The testimony in the case .is very brief. Wm. E. Hen*674dricks testified that he -went into the room where defendant, Wiley Covington, Henry Lundy, and others were, about fifteen minutes before the shooting. Saw defendant loading a double barrel shot-gun with buckshot. Defendant said the nest d — d nigger that gave him any sauce, or jaw, or impudence, should have the contents of said gun. Defendant put the gun on the bed in the room. Wiley Covington, who was a half crazy man, unable to walk at the time, was sitting, smoking his pipe, when defendant made these remarks. Cov-ington took his pipe out of his mouth, and used a vulgar and contemptuous expression. Defendant went to the bed, took up the gun and pointed it at Covington. Henry Lundy stepped forward and threw up the gun, telling his brother not to shoot. Defendant again levelled at Covington, when witness knocked the gun downward and it went off, and part of the contents went into the leg of Covington. Defendant afterwards said to witness, if it had not been for witness he would have killed Covington.
This witness said he was prejudiced against defendant, but had no such feeling as would prevent his telling the truth. Powhattan Hill, a witness for defendant, testified that Cov-ington told witness, shortly after the shooting, that if it had not been for Hendricks, defendant would not have shot him ; he further testified, that Covington said he thought defendant would not have shot him if Hendricks had not persuaded him to do so.
And this was all the evidence in the cause. No exceptions or instructions appear on either side. A writ of error was granted without the usual bond, or the oath of the accused of his inability to give it.
The following constitute the assignment of errors :
1st. That the court erred in not granting a continuance upon affidavit of the accused.
2d. The court erred in overruling the motion for a new trial upon the affidavit of counsel.
The evidence was amply sufficient to j ustify the verdi ct. The grounds of reversal are, the denial of a continuance and the refusal to grant a new trial.
*675The application for a continuance was based, in legal effect, upon the absence of a witness, who was desired only for the purpose of impeaching a witness for the state in this, that the latter had said that if he could not convict the accused by telling the truth, he would otherwise.
The rule in regard to granting and refusing a continuance is, that such applications are addressed to the sound discretion of the court; and it is only when this discretion has been manifestly abused, that the action of the court below can be assigned for error. Ogle v. State, 33 Miss., 383.
The accused liad from the 12th to the 23d of September, in which to prepare for trial. No diligence is shown, except the issuance of a subpoena. The witness us stated to have been in the jurisdiction of the court, but his residence or whereabouts, is not given. No effort was made to continue the case to another clay of the same term, to enable the witness to be secured.
It appears from the record, that there were “ other persons” present at the time of the shooting, but they were not examined as witnesses on the trial. Why not, does not appear. Neither was the witness Hendricks asked as to the threats imputed to him.
The application for a continuance in Ogle v. the State, 33 Miss., 383,. appealed much more strongly to the favor of the court than the case at bar; yet, in that case, the continuance ' was refused, and the refusal was sustained by the high court of errors and appeals. That was a trial involving the life of the accused, and he had be.en convicted of manslaughter in the first degree. Subpoenas had been returned not executed. The absent witnesses were expected to prove that the accused and deceased were on friendly terms up to the time of killing, and that the latter was very quarrelsome in his disposition. Judge Fisher, in delivering the opinion of the court, says, after stating the rule above quoted : “ But even under a more liberal application of the rule in the case at bar, we feel no hesitation in saying that the court below committed no error in refusing the continuance. Conceding that *676proper diligence had been used to compel the attendance of the witnesses, their testimony could not ha ye varied the result. Admitting the truth of the statements of the affidavit, and giving to the facts the greatest weight they were entitled in favor of the accused, a mere doubt as to the question of malice, could, at most, have been created on the minds of the jury.” With the change of a word or two, these remarks of the court in that case would most perfectly apply to this. 'We can see no error or injustice in this action of the circuit court.
Upon the motion for a new tidal, the refusal to grant the continuance was again before the circuit judge for review, in the light of the evidence elicited on the. trial, when he had an opportunity to reconsider his former action with the whole case before him. The circuit judge, acting with that sound judicial discretion with which he is invested, refused a new trial. The non-examination of other persons present at the shooting, induces the belief that the very beat was done for the accused on the trial, and in the management of the cause, which the circumstances admitted of.
The presence of the absent witness was desired to attack a ■witness for the state on account of alleged threats. The value of such a witness to the accused, and the probable influence of the testimony in the result of the cause, the judge of the trial was fully competent to determine. ,
Neglect is not imputed either to the accused or to his counsel in any stage of this case, but we apprehend suitable diligence would have secured the presence of the witness, or service of subpoena upon him, while the claim of surprise cannot be given much weight in view of the previous affidavit of the client. It is not the case of surprise by the introduction of unexpected testimony, nor the case of newly discovered evidence subsequent to the trial. The case at bar is not equal in merit or dignity to either. Indeed, being based upon the absence of a witness, whose testimony was desired only to impeach another witness, it would seem to possess less claim upon the court than any of the class of cases referred to.
*677We are unable to perceive any error on the part of the circuit court, or that any injustice has been done. But, on the contrary the record impresses us with the conviction that justice has been impartially administered in this case. So believing, the judgment is affirmed. The- accused was' sentenced to 'confinement in the penitentiary at Jackson for the period of eight years from the fifth day of September, 1870, and is now in jail awaiting the action of this court. The p>eriod of confinement in the penitentiary, of the accused is here fixed t© commence with the time fixed by the court below.