delivered the opinion of the court.
From the record it appears, that in 1863, the plaintiff and one McOnne, defendant’s intestate, both had stock in Texas in charge of a Mr. Messick, and that the stock had previously been taken there from this State. Plaintiff had three mules, and MeCune obtained possession of them from Messick and converted them to his own nse.
On the trial the plaintiff asked the court to- instruct the jury that if they believed from the evidence, that MeCune obtained the possession of plaintiff’s mules by representing to Messick that he had purchased them of plaintiff', or by any other moans,then they should find the issue for the plaintiff for the value of the mules.
This instruction the court refused to give,-but, in behalf of the defendant, declared the law to be, that on and after the 16th day of August, lS61,and up to and including the year 1865, the plaintiff was, by law, prohibited from taking or sending his mules into Texas from this State, and if the jury believed that plaintiff did, in the year 1861, and after the 16th day of August, sbnd or take, or direct, or consent that said mules should be taken from this State into the State of Texas, and that said mules were so taken or sent, then they should find the issue for the defendant, notwithstanding they might believe from the evidence, that after said mules were so taken or sent into Texas, MeCune bought the mules from plaintiff or took and converted them to his own use.
After this instruction was given, plaintiff took a non-suit with leave to move to set the same aside, and after the refusal of the court to set aside the non-suit he sued out his writ of of error.
In support of the judgment below it is now insisted, that' after the passage of the non-intercourse act by Congress and the President’s proclamation, it was illegal for the plaintiff to *168■ remore bis property into one of the insurrectionary States, and that no recovery can be had against any person for taking the same.
The fifth section of the act of July 13th, 1861, (12 U. S. Stat. at Large, 257.) authorized the President under the circumstances mentioned, to declare any State or part of a State, to be " in a state of insurrection against the United States,” and it enacts that thereupon, ’‘all commercial intercourse by and between the same and the citizens thereof, and the citizens of the rest of the United States, shall cease and be unlawful so long as such condition of hostility shall continue, and all goods and chattels, wares and merchandise, coming from said State or section into the other parts of the United States, and all proceeding- to such State or section, by land or water, shall, together with the vessel or vehicle conveying the same, or conveying persons to or from such State or section, be forfeited to the United 'States.”
In accordance with this enactment, on the 16th day of August, 1861, the President issued his proclamation interdicting all intercourse between the respective States or sections in hostility to the United States, with certain specified exceptions. The language of the act is clear and there is no room for doubt as to its meaning or effect. Commercial intercourse between the iuhabita.ntsof territory in insurrection, and those of territory Tlot in insurrection was entirely prohibited, except under the license of the President, and according to certain regulations.
In the case of the Ouachita Cotton, (6 Wall., 521,) it was held, that the statute just referred to and the subsequent President’s proclamation, rendered void all purchases of cotton from the rebel Confederacy by citizens or corporations of New Orleans, after the 6th of May, 1862. Prom this latter time dates the restoration of the national authority over New Orleans, and that part of Louisiana; and hence its citizens thenceforth, come within the disabilities of the acts. The law cuts off commercial intercourse, and was aimed at the resources 'of the enemy.
*169la the present ease the removal of the properly was unquestionably illegal and rendered it liable to confiscation by the government. But both of the parties were citizens of the same jurisdiction, and there was no trading- or intercourse with the enemy.
Because plaintiff’s property was illegally in another State or section, it does not thence follow that another person had the right to appropriate it without having any legal or moral claim upon it. The government might have confiscated it for the public use, but I cannot see what right McOune had to confiscate it for his private benefit.
Wherefore it follows that the judgment should he reversed and the cause remanded ;
the other judges concur.