This is a suit in equity by Stephen Murphy, in his own right as heir and as assignee of the other children of Benjamin Murphy, deceased, to set aside a sale of certain real estate, sold by Guy Chandler, administrator of Benjamin Murphy, to appellant DeFrance in October, 1874. The lands are sixteen acres off the north side of the northeast quarter of the southeast quarter of section 8, and the north half of the southeast quarter of section 6, township 62, range 15, in Adair county.
This action was commenced September 22, 1886, in Adair circuit court, and, on November 20,1886, the venue *57was changed to Knox county. Judgment was rendered for respondents at the June term, 1888, against DeFrance and dismissed as to his codefendant, James Dodson.
The- petition is as follows :
“Stephen A. D. Murphy, Plaintiff, v. “James M. DeFrance and James Dodson, Defendants.
In the circuit court of Adair county, Missouri.
“Plaintiff states that he and Waddy Murphy, William Murphy and Nancy J. Dodson are sons and daughter and sole heirs at law of Benjamin Murphy, deceased, who died in Adair county, Missouri, in the year 1865, intestate, and seized in fee of the following real estate, to-wit: Sixteen acres off the entire north side of the northeast quarter of the southeast quarter of section eight (8), and the north half of the southeast quarter of section six (6), all in township sixty-two (62), range fifteen (15), west, ninety-six acres more or less. And on the-day of--, 1886, Waddy and William D. Murphy, aforesaid, and Nancy J. Dodson executed and delivered to plaintiff good sufficient deeds for their interest as heirs of said Benjamin Murphy, deceased, in and to all said lands; that the estate of Benjamin Murphy, deceased, was duly administered upon and final settlement thereof made in the year 1875. About the year 1874 the defendants, claiming and pretending to be creditors of plaintiff ’ s ancestor’s estate, made a fraudulent, collusive and illegal agreement to the effect that they would procure an order of the probate court of Adair county to sell the real estate herein described after it had once been sold and deed by a former administrator of said estate under the cloud of that sale and deed. . •
“That by fraud and collusion and by promising the judge of the probate court that said lands, if so sold under that cloud, they should not sell for less than *58$1,000, and by repeated applications, they finally induced the court to make an order of sale of all said real estate; that in pursuance thereof said real estate was appraised by three qualified appraisers in the year 1874 to be of the value of $1,600. At the October term, 1874, of the Adair- circuit court, the defendants caused said lands to be advertised for sale in pursuance to their said fraudulent and collusive agreement aforesaid to procure it to be sold under the cloud of a former administrator’s deed, and they agreed in said written agreement that they would not bid against each other; that one of them, defendant DePrance, might bid off the lands, and then afterwards they would divide them pro rata between themselves. And to enable them to carry out their said fraudulent plan and scheme, and to prevent bidding at the sale, they published and reported at and before the sale that their claims far exceeded the value of the land and no bidder would get a title against them; and by the use of these and other means they were enabled to entirely suppress bidding at the sale. And defendant DePrance did bid off all said lands at the grossly inadequate price of $100; that the then administrator of the estate refused to report the sale of land to the probate court unless defendants would make his commission on the sale reach the figures it would have been if they had bid $1,000 as they agreed; and defendants did give administrator $50 to induce him to report the sale to the probate court of Adair county, and ask that it be approved, and make to defendant DePrance a deed; and it was all done in due time and the - administrator’s deed was delivered to DePrance for the received consideration, $100. And shortly afterwards defendant DePrance made a deed to defendant Dodson for an undivided forty-four-hundredths of all said lands, and both deeds are duly recorded, and they claim title to all said real estate thereunder against plaintiff, and are in the actual possession of a part thereof since about the year 1884. *59Plaintiff says in truth and in fact defendants were no creditors of the estate of his ancestors, nor did they represent any such; that DeFrance is an active, practicing and licensed attorney, and in all his meddlings in the affairs of the estate, and in the written agreement with his codefendant, he claimed and pretended to be a trustee for creditors of the estate, when in fact he was no such trustee, and in law and equity could not be; that in fact he has not paid any creditors he pretended to represent anything.
“That, by their said fraudulent collusion of oppressive and illegal agreement aforesaid, they, proposed to and have withdrawn all the assets of the estate from its proper and legitimate course of administration in the hands of the administrator to go to creditors or the heirs, and to have taken it in charge to administer between themselves in rhe forum of their own conscience, which is illegal, contrary to public statutes and policy, and in fraud of the whole administration law of the state, and the heirs Of the estate. And plaintiff says that he and bis grantors have only within the last year learned of the existence of said written agreement between defendants and the other fraudulent acts as herein stated, and he asks decree that the said administrator’s deed made to defendant DeFrance and the deed made by him to his codefendant Dodson both be declared and decreed to be null and void, and for naught held; and that title to said real estate be quieted and vested in plaintiff as between plaintiff and defendant, and for general relief and costs of this suit.
“Stephen A. D. Murphy.
“By Attorney O. D. Jones.”
The defendant below, appellant here, pleaded the statute of limitations of ten years, and, further answering, denied all the fraud charged, and set up that, although the estate had been finally settled, there were large judgments and allowances that were liens on this land; that defendants, DeFrance and Dodson, owned *60and controlled, as attorneys, all these allowances ; that DeFrance, in his own right and as attorney for the various parties who had judgments and allowances, had purchased these lands and taken his deed; that his purchase was in good faith at public auction ; that since his purchase he had conveyed to Dodson forty-four-hundredths of said lands, — that being the proportion Dodson’s judgment bore to the sum of all the judgments ; that five and one-half acres of the sixteen acres had been assigned as dower to Mrs. Murphy ; that she was in possession of all the improvements; that he and Dodson were in possession of the remainder, and had paid all taxes.in good faith; prayed that, in any event, the said judgment be declared a lien on said lands, and for general relief.
The reply pleaded the statute of limitations to all the allowances ; charged that the court had no right to sell the lands after ten years ; denies generally all the allegations of the answer.
On the trial, the record in the case of Nancy Murphy against the appellants was offered and read in evidence ; and, as that case has been reported in 101 Mo. 151, it will not be necessary to repeat it here, further than to observe that, upon a petition of Guy Chandler, administrator of the estate of Benjamin Murphy, deceased-, an order of sale was made by the probate court of Adair county for the sale of the ninety-six acres of land involved in this suit; and at the sale DeFrance became the purchaser, in October, 1874. In 1876, DeFrance began an action against Mrs. Nancy Murphy, widow of Benjamin Murphy', to have her dower in the ninety-six acres assigned ; and that suit resulted in assigning her five and one-half acres, in the suburbs of Kirksville, with all the improvements. From that judgment no appeal was taken.
DeFrance then conveyed forty-four-hundredths of the land, subject to the dower, to James Dodson.
*61Mrs. Murphy, in 1885, commenced her action to set •aside DeFranee’s deed, and prayed for a decree vesting the title in her ; and she alleged all the matters relied •on by plaintiff in this cause to show that the order of ■sale and the deed of DeFranee were procured by fraud. This court held that all the matters of which she complained had been finally determined in the dower suit, and there was no evidence that the dower judgment was procured by fraud.
From the evidence in this cause, it appears that plaintiff was twenty-eight years of age when he brought this suit.
Counsel have devoted a large portion of their brief to the point that plaintiff had a homestead right. If this land was the homestead of Benjamin Murphy, and exempt under the act of March 28, 1863, plaintiff is in no position to avail himself of it. His petition is not based on any such right; and, as Benjamin Murphy died in 1865, leaving a widow and other children beside plaintiff, all of whom are still living, they would be necessary parties to any proceeding for the setting apart of that homestead exemption. Moreover, if this evidence is to be credited at all, a number of these claims against Benjamin Murphy were debts and liabilities contracted before the taking effect of that act; and, as to such debts, the eleventh section of that act expressly provides that the exemption should not apply to such debts. We have been referred, in this connection, to the decision of the St. Louis court of appeals, Daudt v. Harmon, 16 Mo. App. 203, in which that court held, “that the record of the probate court is the only proper evidence of the fact that the debt for which the lands were ordered sold by the probate court was antecedent to the homestead ; and, unless the record of the probate court shows that the order of sale was made for an antecedent debt, the homestead is not affected by such sale.”
*62We cannot concur in this view. On the contrary, the rule is well established in this state that the orders and judgments of the probate courts in the exercise of probate jurisdiction are entitled to the same favorable presumptions and intendments as are accorded to orders and judgments of circuit courts. Price v. Real-Estate Ass'n, 101 Mo. 107. And it follows that, when a probate court orders real estate sold for debts, the prima facie presumption is that it is subject to sale, and the burden of showing it was exempt is on’ the parties entitled to homestead; and there is no good reason, either in the law of evidence or on grounds of public policy, why the grantee in the administrator’s and sheriff’s deed may not show that the debt on which the allowance or judgment is based is antecedent to the homestead right. This certainly is believed to be the almost universal opinion of the bar and trial courts of the state. The defendants have pleaded the statute of limitations of ten years in their answer, but in the argument they rely on the fifth subdivision of section 6775, which provides that ‘ ‘ an action for relief, on the ground of fraud, shall be brought within five years, the cause of action in such case to be deemed not to have accrued until the discovery, by the aggrieved party, at any time within ten years, of the facts constituting the fraud.”
A party desiring to avail himself of the statute of limitations must plead the particular statute upon which he relies. Vail v. Jacobs, 7 Mo. App. 571 ; Hunter v. Hunter, 50 Mo. 445. We come then to the case on its merits.
The petition proceeds on the charge of fraud in this: First, that defendants procured the order of sale by promising the judge of the probate court that said lands, if sold,’should not sell for less than $1,000. The record shows that in the petition for the sale the administrator makes this averment. That said sale (referring to the previous administrator’s sale of this same land to Mrs. Murphy) was, and is, an absolute *63nullity for the reasons aforesaid among others ; that the creditors of said estate are desirous that this court should disregard the former void sale, and order said lands sold for the payment of the remaining debts ; that it will not cost any more to advertise and sell both pieces than one, and said creditors pledge themselves that a resale of said land shall realize to said estate as much as $500, but, if it should bring only $100, it would be that much for creditors, and they, in justice, should have a chance do bid for whatever interest said estate has in said lands, if any, ‘ ‘ and this land is all the property belonging to said estate.”
Mr. Greenwood, who was the attorney of Mrs. Nancy Murphy, the widow, testified that he and Judge Andrew Ellison resisted the order of sale, and that DeFrance made the argument for the order of sale, and in his speech said that if the court would make the order he, DeFrance, would make the ninety-six acres bring $1,000 at the sale, and credit it on the debts. He says that thereupon he ceased making objections to the sale. On cross-examination, he said that DeFrance said: “If the order of sale is made, I will .make the land pay $1,000 on the debts of Benjamin Murphy.” 'This witness further testified that, at that time, “there was no objection made to the validity, honesty or bona fides of any of the claims presented to the probate court up to that time, for which the administrator was asking to sell the land.” The sale was made. There is absolutely no evidence of any misconduct at the sale by DeFrance. He, however, only bid $100 for the land, and it is now charged that defendants gave the administrator $50 to report the sale ; that he refused to report it until they agreed to give him that amount. In regard to this report of sale, fit is in ordinary form, in the handwriting of the administrator himself. He states to •the court that DeFrance had bid $100 for all the land, and had paid that sum, and he asks the court to approve *64it. The court, with this fact stated on the face of the report, approved it.
Guy Chandler, the administrator, was sworn, and testified that he was mad, when DeFrance only bid $100, and told DeFrance he would not report the sale, but at the same time he knew he had to report it. DeFrance gave as a reason for not bidding more that it saved costs to the creditors. He was asked,if he did not tell Mr. Greenwood that he would not ask the court to approve the sale, and answered : “ No, sir; I did not, but what I did tell him was that I told DeFrance that I would not report the sale.” Witness denied that DeFrance ever paid him a cent to report the sale and DeFrance also denies positively that he either agreed to or paid'Chandler anything to report the sale. The evidence does not sustain the charge that DeFrance paid anything to the administrator to procure the report. And, as to the promise of DeFrance to bid $1,000, it appears this promise, if made, was in open court, to the probate court, and this same court approved this sale, for $100. Here was no concealment; on the contrary, the court to whom the promise was made is apprised by its own record, that only $100 was bid, and approved it.
That court had jurisdiction of the subject-matter and the parties. Its judgment was rendered with full knowledge of all the facts, and no appeal was taken from it. All the parties interested had notice of this proceeding ; able and distinguished counsel were employed and had contested the making of this order of sale. If satisfied that a wrong had been committed, an appeal could have been taken.
There is no evidence that DeFrance was present when the report of sale was made and approved. To authorize a court of equity to set aside the judgment of another court, it must appear that there was fraud in procuring the judgment; an illegal allowance or error is not sufficient. Murphy v. DeFrance, 101 Mo. 151 ; *65Jones v. Brinker, 20 Mo. 87 ; Picot v. Bates, 47 Mo. 390 ; Lewis v. Williams, 54 Mo. 200.
Another ground for setting aside the sale and deed is that, “at the October terra, 1874, of the Adair circuit court the defendants caused said lands to be advertised for sale in pursuance to their said fraudulent and collusive agreement aforesaid to procure it to be sold under the cloud of a former' administrator’s deed, and they agreed in said written agreement that they would not bid against each other; that one of them, defendant DeFrance might bid off the lands, and then afterwards they would divide them ‘pro rataJ ”
The agreements referred to are three in number, and are as follows:
“ First Agreement. Whereas, James M. DeFrance represents the following creditors of the estate of Benj. Murphy, to-wit: Bernd & Bro., John Dodson, Bigwill & Johnson, Kirksville Lodge 105, A. F. & A. M., E. S. Pierce, Wm. Lowe and Robert Mercer; and W. W. Cover represents James Dodson, a creditor of said estate; and whereas the above claims are all the claims that there existed at the death of said Murphy, and that have not been paid, and represent the entire creditors of said estate, so far as we know; and whereas the assets of said estate are not sufficient to pay off said creditors; and whereas further there are irregularities in the allowance of said claims by the court having probate jurisdiction,— some of said claims being improperly classed ; and as all expense and costs put on said estate will come out of the funds that said creditors would otherwise receive.
“Now, therefore, to avoid all expense possible, and, by way of compromise among said creditors, the following agreement is made, and the said parties, and the said DeFrance and Cover bind themselves to carry same into effect, to-wit:
“ That all said claims shall be considered and hereafter treated as if allowed on the same day by the *66probate court and classed in the same class of demands, and to draw the same rate of interest.
“ And it is further agreed that all said creditors shall prosecute said claims against said estate to a final determination, and, when any of said assets or real estate belonging to said estate at the time of the death of said Murphy shall be sold or offered for sale, either said DeFrance or Cover or both shall buy said property for the use of all said creditors, pro rata, according to what is due each of said creditors, unless some other arrangement shall hereafter be made, or unless some other person shall bid for such property a sum sufficient to pay off all the indebtedness of the said estate, to the persons above named; and, if said DeFrance and Cover or either of them shall bid in any such property for said creditors, the same shall be disposed of at the agreement of a majority in interest of said creditors, or by agreement between said DeFrance and Cover. The especial design of this agreement being to save costs, and to put all said creditors on an equality so far as priority is concerned, and to guard the interest of each alike. And the said DeFrance and Cover may give receipts to the administrator of said estate, so as to enable him to make final settlement without actually paying over to him the sum or sums bid for said property, and at any time any money shall be realized by this agreement the same shall be divided pro rata according to the respective interests of the parties here represented, and according to the respective amounts due from said estate pro rata as aforesaid.
“In witness whereof the said DeFrance and Cover have signed this agreement for all the parties each represents and for themselves, April 27, 1874.
“James M. DeFrance,
“ Attorney for balance of persons named.
“W. W. Cover,
“Attorney for James Dodson.”
*67“ Second Agreement. It is hereby agreed by and between James M. DeFrance and W. W. Cover, attorneys representing the various interests of the creditors of the estate of Benjamin Murphy,- deceased, that the amount due said creditors as to each other and as contemplated by a contract made, signed and executed by said Cover and DeFrance as attorneys for the various creditors, dated April 27, 1874, -is as follows, to-wit: Bernd & Bro., $215.85; John Dodson, $88.50; Bigwill & Johnson, $153.73; Kirksville Lodge, $200; E. L. Pierce, $20.20; Wm. Lowe, $5; Robert Mercer, $5.40; James Dodson, $539.20 and the money or property realized out of said estate on said claims shall be distributed pro rata according to the various amounts of each as stated above.
“This thirteenth day of May, A. D. 1874.
“W. W. Cover,
“Attorney for James Dodson.
“James M. DeFrance,
“ Attorney for persons named, except James Dodson.”
“ Third Agreement. It is hereby agreed by and between James Dodson and James M. DeFrance, representing certain creditors, and Harrington and Cover, James Dodson, that said DeFrance shall commence a suit or suits in the name of James M. DeFrance to determine the legal ownership of sixteen acres of land, purchased by said DeFrance, at the sale made by Guy Chandler, of the estate of Benjamin Murphy, deceased, which land was purchased with the joint money of the said DeFrance and Dodson as per a written contract signed by said DeFrance and W. W. Cover, attorneys for said Dodson. Said DeFrance and Dodson are to pay the expense attendant on suit in the proportions in said contract mentioned, except that each of the creditors are to pay their own attorney. November 19, 1875.
“James M. DeFrance.
“James Dodson.”
*68Inasmuch as these agreements form the basis of plaintiff’s petition, we must determine whether they are fraudulent. It is a self-evident proposition that the plaintiff assumes that the administrator’s sale of Ringo to his mother is void ; otherwise he has no standing in court, either in law or equity. If she acquired the title, then the heirs had no estate that could be affected by the sale to DeFrance. On the other hand, if that sale, as plaintiff ’ s suit necessarily implies,, was void, certainly he would not expect much consideration from a chancellor, when he complains that the creditors were subjecting this land to their debts, and ignoring a confessedly void sale, from which no creditor received anything.
Let us see, then, what is the tenor of these' agreements. Two attorneys, holding allowances amounting to a large sum and knowing that this land constitutes the only fund from which they can obtain even a partial satisfaction, make an agreement: First, that as between themselves all the allowances shall bear the same date and be of the same class. Secondly, that they will prosecute these claims against the estate, and, when any of the assets of the estate are sold, either DeFrance, or Cover, or both, shall buy the property for the use of all the creditors, “pro rata,” according to what is due each of said creditors, “ unless some other arrangement is made, or unless some other person shall hid enough to pay the debts”
We are unable to see what principle of public policy forbids such an agreement. These parties have a common interest. They agree to purchase for all the creditors, unless some one else pays more. This is the first agreement, and the two others “are like unto it.” There is no agreement to prevent any bid or competition, or to obtain the land for less than its value. The purpose is not fraudulent, and not prohibited by public policy. Stillwell v. Glasscock, 91 Mo. 658; Larimore v. Tyler, 88 Mo. 661.
*69The remaining allegations of the petition are that defendants were not creditors of the estate when they obtained the order of sale, and much proof was offered to show that various claims were paid or settled previous to that sale. Upon the clearest principles this practice cannot be tolerated. At the time this order of sale was made the allowances against the estate of Benjamin Murphy were of record ; they possessed all the attributes of judgments of the circuit court; they are no more subject to be overturned in this way than the judgments and decrees of the courts of general jurisdiction. If they had been paid, or satisfied, the probate court of Adair county was the tribunal in which the proof should have been made. It was a matter of defense at that time to prevent the making of the order of the sale, but at that time, Mr. Greenwood, who was assisted by Judge Andrew Ellison, says no question was made as to the validity, honesty or bona fides of any of these allowances. There is no foundation in the petition for the admission of evidence to attack the validity of these allowances. When the probate court of Adair county passed on those allowances and made the order of sale, it became “res adjudicata,” subject only to be set aside for fraud upon a petition with proper averments in a seasonable time.
And this brings us to the final controlling consideration in this case. Has plaintiff any standing in a court of equity, to question and overturn this sale, after the lapse of twelve years ? While it is true that we have been compelled to hold defendant’s plea of the statute of limitations insufficient, yet we think it is clear he is not debarred from urging the laches of plaintiff as an. insuperable objection to his right to recover in this case.
In Sullivan v. Railroad, 94 U. S. 807, cited with approval by Sherwood, J., in Kelly v. Hurt, 74 Mo. 561, it is said: “To let in the defense that a claim is. stale and that the bill cannot, therefore, be supported, it is not necessary that a foundation shall be laid by any *70averment in the answer of defendant. If the case, as it appears at the hearing, is liable to the objection by reason of laches of the complainant, the court will, upon that ground, be passive and refuse relief.” Applying that principle here, and what is plaintiff’s position? Twenty years after his father’s death he demands this land for the first time. He admits that these claims were once valid debts and judgments against his father’s estate and this land. He waits until these claims are either barred by the statute, or unavailable for the purpose of a sale, as held by this court in Gunby v. Brown, 86 Mo. 253, and then asks a court of equity to give him the land discharged of all claims or liens.
It may be that DeFrance may have been guilty of some irregularities in procuring this sale, and if the matter had been investigated in a seasonable time, when an order of sale could have been renewed, and the creditors have had the benefit' of this fund for the payment of their debts, that a court upon a proper petition might have set aside that sale; but at this late day, after plaintiff has quietly folded his hands and waited for the debts to become barred by the statute, and now, when he comes into a court of equity, declines to go on the witness stand and inform us when, where and how he first learned of all these irregularities, we think it is a case’where equity can safely follow the analogy of the statute of limitations, and hold that as the ten years has fully lapsed, and no evidence of diligence, and no proof when any fraud was first discovered, that it is better for the peace of society that such antiquated claims shall not be countenanced.
For these reasons we reverse the judgment of the circuit court of Knox county, and dismiss the bill at the cost of the appellee.