The opinion of the court was delivered by
Dixon, J.This certiorari brings up merely the proceedings of the mayor and common council of Hoboken in appointing and confirming Samuel A. Heifer as city physician, under the act of May 3d, 1889 {Pamph. L.,p. 328), and the only *368question raised, is with regard to the legality of his selection for that office. Heifer has not been made a party to the suit, although counsel appeared on his behalf at the argument. The evidence leaves us uncertain whether he had entered upon the office when the writ was issued, but he appears to have done so since. The sole interest of the prosecutor lies in the fact that he was the previous incumbent of the office, with a right to hold until his successor should be lawfully appointed. The objection which he raises to the proceedings under review is, that Plelfer did not receive a sufficient number of votes in the council to make his confirmation legal.
If Heifer was in office at the issuing of the writ, plainly the certiorari should be dismissed, for an incumbent’s title to a public office should not be directly passed upon by the Supreme Court, except in a quo warranto proceeding brought against the incumbent himself.
If, however, he was not then in office, the case of Bradshaw v. City of Camden, 10 Vroom 416, seems to hold a doctrine which would warrant the acting official in attacking, by certiorari, unlawful proceedings designed to elect his successor. But the later case of Haines v. Freeholders of Camden, 18 Id. 454, discountenances this doctrine, and lays down the principle, that the incumbent has no ground of suit until he is ousted, and then he must resort to quo warranto, and that the court will not permit him to litigate on a certiorari, to which his real adversary is not a legal party, the very question which can be effectually decided only on information in the nature of quo warranto. We deem ourselves bound, as, also, we are inclined, to follow this later decision in the present case, where the point at issue is simply Heifer’s title to a public municipal office.
Let the writ of certiorari be dismissed, with costs.