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[DO NOT PUBLISH]
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
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No. 12-11433
Non-Argument Calendar
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D.C. Docket Nos. 0:11-cv-62406-KAM ; 0:06-13274-JKO
In re: KEVIN CHRISTOPHER GLEASON,
Appellant.
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Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Southern District of Florida
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(October 15, 2012)
Before CARNES, BARKETT, and FAY, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:
Kevin Gleason, an attorney who practices bankruptcy law in Florida,
appeals pro se a sanctions order that the bankruptcy court entered against him and
that the district court upheld on appeal. The order suspended Gleason from
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practice before the bankruptcy court for sixty days. Gleason contends that (1) the
sixty-day suspension violated his First Amendment right to free speech and his
Fifth Amendment right to due process; (2) the bankruptcy court lacked
the authority to conduct en banc disciplinary proceedings and to suspend a
member of the district court bar; and (3) it was clear error to find that he engaged
in an impermissible ex parte contact while his disciplinary proceedings were
pending when he sent a bankruptcy judge a bottle of wine and a note suggesting
that they resolve their differences “privately.” Gleason also argues that the
bankruptcy court clearly erred by finding that he acted in bad faith and that it
abused its discretion by suspending him from practicing before it for sixty days.
I.
We review de novo the district court’s and bankruptcy court’s legal
conclusions and review the findings of fact only for clear error. In re Mroz, 65
F.3d 1567, 1572 (11th Cir. 1995). We review the decision to impose sanctions for
abuse of discretion. See id. at 1571–72. Under that standard, we must affirm
unless we find that the bankruptcy court made a clear error of judgment or applied
the wrong legal standard. See Amlong & Amlong, P.A. v. Denny’s, Inc., 500 F.3d
1230, 1238 (11th Cir. 2007). “‘The application of an abuse-of-discretion review
recognizes the range of possible conclusions the [bankruptcy court] may reach.’”
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Norelus v. Denny’s, Inc., 628 F.3d 1270, 1280 (11th Cir. 2010) (quoting United
States v. Frazier, 387 F.3d 1244, 1259 (11th Cir.2004) (en banc)).
II.
Gleason contends his sixty-day suspension from practice violates his First
Amendment right to free speech. He argues that the bankruptcy court should not
have disciplined him based on the “tone” of his submissions, which he describes
as “truthful responses to a string of unjustified abuses.”1 He asserts that his First
Amendment rights supersede the rules that regulate attorney conduct.
1
The tone of Gleason’s response to the bankruptcy court’s show cause order is illustrated
by its opening and closing paragraphs:
In your fourth published example of “Ready-Fire-Aim” against this
attorney, it is obvious that you have not reviewed the record in this case which
does not support the purported findings of fact. It is further quite obvious that you
do not believe that the same respect mandated to be shown to you should also be
shown to me. Your conclusion that [my client’s] attempt to exempt his
commissions as the head of a household is not supported by law is belied by the
language of the actual statute. Your conduct in this case [h]as been without
citation to any authority for the propositions that: your jurisdiction is never
ending and without geographic bounds; your unconditional releases are
meaningless; and pronouncements of the United States Supreme Court are mere
suggestions.
* * *
It is sad when a man of your intellectual ability cannot get it right when
your own record does not support your half-baked findings.
Doc. 592 at 1, 4 (footnote omitted). In a supplemental response, Gleason stated that he
“delivered a nice bottle of wine to the Court’s chambers, with a hand-written note, which read as
follows, ‘Dear Judge Olson, a Donnybrook ends when someone buys the first drink. May we
resolve our issues privately?’” Doc. 614 at 7.
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Gleason has identified no authority supporting his contention that the First
Amendment shields from sanctions an attorney who files an inappropriate and
unprofessional pleading and then contacts a presiding judge ex parte with an offer
to share a bottle of wine and “privately” resolve their dispute. When an attorney
files inappropriate and unprofessional documents, a court may impose sanctions
based on its “inherent power to oversee attorneys practicing before it.” Thomas v.
Tenneco Packaging Co., 293 F.3d 1306, 1308 (11th Cir. 2002) (upholding a
district court’s decision to sanction an attorney who submitted documents
containing personal attacks on opposing counsel).
In the present case, the bankruptcy court found that Gleason’s written
submissions to the court and sending a judge a bottle of wine with an offer to
resolve their differences privately amounted to “sanctionable professional
misconduct.” In ordering sanctions, the court exercised its inherent authority to
oversee an attorney practicing before it. Proper procedures for challenging rulings
that an attorney believes are wrong do not include filing an inappropriate response
to a show cause order and then compounding that problem by contacting the judge
ex parte. If Gleason believed that the rulings in the underlying bankruptcy case
were based on errors of fact or law, his proper procedure was an appeal. Under
the circumstances of this case, the bankruptcy court did not violate Gleason’s First
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Amendment rights by sanctioning him.
III.
Gleason also contends that the bankruptcy court violated his Fifth
Amendment right to due process by holding an en banc hearing even though there
are no rules that authorize that procedure and by suspending him from practice
even though there is no “bankruptcy bar” to which lawyers are admitted. He
argues that the bankruptcy court failed to provide him with sufficient notice of his
alleged violations, the procedures that the en banc court would follow at his
disciplinary hearing, and the rules the court would apply.
A bankruptcy court is authorized to “issue any order, process, or judgment
that is necessary or appropriate to carry out the provisions” of Title 11 of the
United States Code, which governs bankruptcy proceedings. 11 U.S.C. § 105(a).
The court may sua sponte take any action or make any determination “necessary or
appropriate to enforce or implement court orders or rules, or to prevent an abuse of
process.” Id. Under the bankruptcy court’s local rules, a single judge has the
authority to discipline an attorney, including the authority to suspend him from
practice after providing notice and a hearing:
Upon order to show cause entered by at least one judge, any attorney
appearing before the court may, after 30 days’ notice and hearing and
for good cause shown, be suspended from practice before the
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court . . . or otherwise disciplined, by a judge whose order to show
cause initiated the disciplinary proceedings.
Bankr. S.D. Fla. R. 2090-2(B)(1) (emphasis added). Under that rule, there is
nothing to prevent the en banc bankruptcy court from disciplining an attorney who
practices before it. Bankr. S.D. Fla. R. 2090-2(A) (providing that the rule should
not “be construed as providing an exclusive procedure for the discipline of
attorneys appearing before the court”). Section 105(a) and the bankruptcy court’s
local rules authorized it to conduct the disciplinary proceedings that led to
Gleason’s suspension and to suspend Gleason from practice before it for sixty
days.
The bankruptcy code and the local rules, however, were not the only sources
of authority for the bankruptcy court’s actions; the court also invoked its inherent
power to impose sanctions. See Mroz, 65 F.3d at 1575 (“[T]he inherent power of
a court can be invoked even if procedural rules exist which sanction the same
conduct” (quotation marks omitted)). A federal court’s inherent powers “include
the power to control and discipline attorneys appearing before it,” id., and to
suspend attorneys who practice before it, see In re Snyder, 472 U.S. 634, 643, 105
S.Ct. 2874, 2880 (1985); see also In re Evergreen Sec., Ltd., 570 F.3d 1257, 1280
(11th Cir. 2009) (upholding the bankruptcy court’s judgment imposing monetary
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sanctions and suspending an attorney from practice before the bankruptcy court
for five years).
An attorney subject to sanctions is entitled to due process, which includes
“fair notice that [his] conduct may warrant sanctions and the reasons why,” as well
as the opportunity to respond. Mroz, 65 F.3d at 1575. He must be given the
opportunity to justify his actions either orally or in writing. Id. at 1575–76. After
that, a finding of bad faith is “the key to unlocking the court’s inherent power” to
impose sanctions. In re Porto, 645 F.3d 1294, 1304 (11th Cir. 2011).
Gleason received both notice and an opportunity to respond. Before his
disciplinary hearing, the bankruptcy court issued several orders addressing his
behavior. Those orders informed Gleason of the conduct for which the bankruptcy
court intended to sanction him, explained why that conduct warranted sanctions,
and set out the rules under which the conduct would be judged. The bankruptcy
court then held an en banc disciplinary hearing, a procedure permitted under 11
U.S.C. § 105(a), the court’s local rules, and its inherent powers. At that hearing,
Gleason and his counsel had the opportunity to address the court. After the
hearing, the bankruptcy court issued an order finding that Gleason’s written
responses to the court’s show cause order and his attempt to contact a judge
ex parte violated his professional responsibilities as an attorney and were
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damaging to the court as an institution. The court concluded that Gleason had
acted in bad faith and that sanctions were warranted. Gleason received all of the
process he was due.
IV.
Gleason next contends that the bankruptcy court’s finding of bad faith is
clearly erroneous and that the court abused its discretion by imposing a sixty-day
suspension, instead of a less severe sanction such as a reprimand. Before
exercising its inherent power to impose sanctions, a court must make a finding of
bad faith. Mroz, 65 F.3d at 1575. A finding of bad faith may be appropriate when
counsel has acted “vexatiously, wantonly, or for oppressive reasons.” Id. To
support a finding of bad faith, the bankruptcy court should make specific findings
about the party’s conduct that warrants sanctions. In re Porto, 645 F.3d at 1304.
The bankruptcy court did not clearly err in determining that Gleason’s filing
of inappropriate and unprofessional responses to a show cause order and his
attempt to contact a judge ex parte amounted to bad faith that warranted the
imposition of sanctions. The en banc bankruptcy court’s order demonstrates that it
gave reasoned consideration to the gravity of Gleason’s conduct and to the various
aggravating and mitigating circumstances involved in this case. Accordingly, the
bankruptcy court’s decision to suspend Gleason from practice for sixty days,
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which it determined to be “the minimal sanction necessary to preserve the
authority and integrity” of the court, does not constitute a misapplication of the
law or otherwise amount to an abuse of discretion.
AFFIRMED.
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