[DO NOT PUBLISH]
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
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No. 11-14942
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D.C. Docket No. 4:03-cv-00328-RV
CHADWICK BANKS,
Petitioner - Appellant,
versus
SECRETARY, FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS,
Respondent - Appellee.
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Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Northern District of Florida
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(October 16, 2012)
Before CARNES, WILSON and MARTIN, Circuit Judges.
WILSON, Circuit Judge:
Death row inmate Chadwick Banks appeals the denial of his Federal Rule of
Civil Procedure 60(b)(6) motion for Relief from Judgment. Banks asserts that the
Supreme Court’s decision in Holland v. Florida, 130 S. Ct. 2549 (2010), is an
extraordinary circumstance under Rule 60(b)(6) sufficient to justify the reopening
of the final judgment of dismissal in this case. After reviewing the record and
considering the arguments presented in the briefs and at oral argument, we affirm.
I. HISTORY OF REPRESENTATION
Banks pleaded no contest to two counts of first degree murder for the deaths
of his wife and stepdaughter in 1997. He also pleaded no contest to the sexual
battery of his stepdaughter, a child under the age of twelve. Banks received a life
sentence with a minimum-mandatory sentence of 25 years for the murder of his
wife. Banks also received a life sentence without the possibility of parole for 25
years for the sexual battery of his stepdaughter. A jury recommended a sentence
of death by a vote of 9-3 for the murder of his stepdaughter, and the trial court
sentenced Banks to death. On August 28, 1997, the Supreme Court of Florida
affirmed Banks’s conviction on direct appeal. See Banks v. State, 700 So. 2d 363
(Fla. 1997). Banks’s case became final on direct review when the Supreme Court
of the United States denied his petition for a writ of certiorari on March 23, 1998.
See Banks v. Florida, 523 U.S. 1026, 118 S. Ct. 1314 (1998); see also Clay v.
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United States, 537 U.S. 522, 527, 123 S. Ct. 1072, 1076 (2003) (“Finality attaches
when [the Supreme Court] affirms a conviction on the merits on direct review or
denies a petition for a writ of certiorari . . . .”). AEDPA’s one-year statute of
limitations period began to run the next day, March 24, 1998. See San Martin v.
McNeil, 633 F.3d 1257, 1266 (11th Cir. 2011), cert. denied sub nom., San Martin
v. Tucker, 132 S. Ct. 158 (2011); see also 28 U.S.C. § 2244(d)(1)(A).
On collateral review, three lawyers represented Banks: Gary Printy, Jeffrey
Hazen, and Terri Backhus.
1. Gary Printy
Banks’s first collateral counsel was Printy, who was appointed to represent
Banks in state postconviction proceedings on September 2, 1998. On September
18, 1998, Banks wrote Printy and asked that Printy raise all state and federal issues
on time. Banks again wrote Printy on January 8, 1999, and stated: “I still haven’t
received a response from you on my post-conviction and I want to ask you a few
questions about what you’re gonna put in my motions. It’s important to me that
you put in all of my issues because I’ve heard from fellow prisoners that that’s
about all the chances the court gives us on these proceedings.” After receiving no
response, Banks wrote Printy once more on March 1, 1999, and asked about “some
date” that makes a “big difference” in the deadline and asked what dates applied to
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his case. He also stated: “Please let me know as soon as you can Mr. Printy
because I’m getting a little worried.”
On March 9, 1999, Printy requested an extension of the state postconviction
deadline. The request was granted on March 22, 1999, one day before the
expiration of the federal habeas deadline (which, incidentally, was one year from
the date of denial of rehearing in the Florida Supreme Court under 28 U.S.C.
§ 2254). Printy responded to Banks on June 11, 1999, with a brief explanation
letter and a copy of the postconviction motion he had filed a day earlier, on June
10.1 Printy next wrote Banks on August 8, 2000, explaining that a federal habeas
petition “will be filed” at the end of state court litigation. By that time, the federal
habeas deadline of March 24, 1999, had passed. Printy never filed the habeas
petition.
2. Jeffrey Hazen
On October 15, 2003, Hazen was appointed by the district court to represent
Banks. Hazen notified Banks for the first time that the habeas deadline was
“blown.” Hazen then filed a federal petition for a writ of habeas corpus on
December 1, 2004. The petition was four years late. The State moved for
1
The trial court denied this petition and the Supreme Court of Florida affirmed on March 20,
2003. See Banks v. State, 842 So. 2d 788 (Fla. 2003).
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summary judgment on January 18, 2005. Hazen filed a motion for Extension of
Time on February 2, 2005, which was granted. One month later Hazen requested
another extension and filed a motion to withdraw as counsel. The court
subsequently granted the motion to withdraw.
3. Terri Backhus
Backhus, Banks’s present counsel, was appointed on April 20, 2005, to file
a response to the State’s motion for summary judgment. While reviewing the
cases’ facts, Backhus requested an extension of time before responding to
summary judgment. During this review, Backhus realized that Printy had never
requested or obtained the public records from the state repository on Banks’s case.
Backhus was compelled to file a response prior to receiving the files from the
repository. The State’s motion for summary judgment was granted on July 29,
2005. The district court held that the deadline to file Banks’s federal habeas
petition was one year after his conviction became final, or March 23, 1998. The
habeas deadline was therefore March 24, 1999, and Banks’s petition was untimely.
On June 14, 2010, the Supreme Court decided Holland, 130 S. Ct. 2549. In
light of this decision, Banks moved to set aside his judgment pursuant to Rule
60(b)(6). On September 20, 2011, the district court denied Banks’s motion, but
granted a Certificate of Appealability “on the issue of whether the Supreme
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Court’s decision in Holland . . . is an extraordinary circumstance under Fed. R.
Civ. P. 60(b)(6) sufficient to justify the reopening of the final judgment of
dismissal in this case.”
II. STANDARD OF REVIEW
We review a district court’s denial of a Rule 60(b)(6) motion for an abuse of
discretion. See Zakrzewski v. McNeil, 573 F.3d 1210, 1211 (11th Cir. 2009) (per
curiam); Cano v. Baker, 435 F.3d 1337, 1341–42 (11th Cir. 2006) (per curiam);
High v. Zant, 916 F.2d 1507, 1509 (11th Cir. 1990). The district court’s
determination of relevant facts is reviewed for clear error. See San Martin, 633
F.3d at 1265.
Rule 60(b)(6), the catchall provision of Rule 60, authorizes relief for “any
other reason justifying relief from the operation of the judgment.” In Gonzalez v.
Crosby, 545 U.S. 624, 125 S. Ct. 2641 (2005), the Supreme Court recognized that
“Rule 60(b) has an unquestionably valid role to play in habeas cases.” 545 U.S. at
534, 125 S. Ct. at 2649. More specifically, a Rule 60(b) motion challenging only a
district court’s prior ruling that a habeas petition was time barred “is not the
equivalent of a successive habeas petition” and may qualify for Rule 60(b) relief.
Id. at 535–36, 125 S. Ct. at 2650. However, “relief under Rule 60(b)(6) . . .
requires a showing ‘extraordinary circumstances.’” Id. at 536, 125 S. Ct. at 2650;
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see also Cano, 435 F.3d at 1342. Relief from “judgment under Rule 60(b)(6) is an
extraordinary remedy.” Booker v. Singletary, 90 F.3d 440, 442 (11th Cir. 1996)
(citing Ritter v. Smith, 811 F.2d 1398, 1400 (11th Cir. 1987)). “Even then,
whether to grant the requested relief is . . . a matter for the district court’s sound
discretion.” Toole v. Baxter Healthcare Corp., 235 F.3d 1307, 1317 (11th Cir.
2000) (alteration in original) (quoting Booker, 90 F.3d at 442) (internal quotation
marks omitted).
III. DISCUSSION
Banks’s primary argument for reopening the judgment denying his out-of-
time federal habeas petition is that Holland’s standard of attorney negligence, for
purposes of Rule 60(b)(6), is itself an extraordinary circumstance. Here, the
district court held that Banks has not sufficiently demonstrated that the factual
circumstances of his case fall within Holland’s purview.2 The court then applied
Gonzalez, concluding that its previous determination that Banks’s petition was
untimely was in accordance with then-existing Eleventh Circuit law. The court
went on to say that the change of law, if any, worked by Holland, was all the less
2
The district court emphasized, however, that even if this case were under Holland’s purview,
Printy’s failure to understand that obtaining an extension to file his postconviction motion would
not toll the habeas petition, as Holland did not work a change in the law with regard to simple
negligence.
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extraordinary in this particular case because of Banks’s lack of diligence in
pursuing the filing of his habeas petition.
Assuming for our purposes that the district court erred in its application of
Gonzalez,3 we are left to determine whether the facts of this case are under
Holland’s purview such that the district court abused its discretion in holding that
the Supreme Court’s decision in Holland was itself not an extraordinary
circumstance. Yet, we need not decide this issue today, because Banks is unable
to account for the time when Hazen was retained and the date of filing of his
habeas petition.
Even if we were to find that Holland is an extraordinary circumstance under
Rule 60(b)(6), equitable tolling would not extend to the entire five-year-plus delay
in the filing of Banks’s federal habeas petition. Assuming arguendo that Banks
were granted equitable tolling based on Printy’s negligence for the time between
the finalization of his conviction and when Printy ceased representation, Banks’s
federal habeas petition would still be untimely under AEDPA’s one-year statute of
limitations period. See Chavez v. Sec’y Fla. Dept. of Corr., 647 F.3d 1057,
1070–72 (11th Cir. 2011) (even allowing for equitable tolling during predecessor
3
We will assume, without deciding, that (1) the district court misapplied the then-existing
Eleventh Circuit interpretation of 28 U.S.C. § 2244(d)(2) in holding Printy’s conduct did not rise
to the necessary level for equitable tolling; and (2) that Banks was diligent in pursuing the filing
of his habeas petition during Printy’s representation.
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counsel’s representation, once that period was equitably tolled, the untolled period
still amounted to more delay than AEDPA’s one-year statute of limitations), cert.
denied, 132 S. Ct. 1018 (2012). Simply put, the untolled period between Hazen’s
appointment and the filing of Banks’s habeas petition amounts to more delay than
AEDPA’s one-year statute of limitations allows.
In Chavez, this Court found that Chavez did not present any evidence
reflecting reasonable diligence in urging counsel to file for postconviction relief
sooner, nor did he attempt to contact the court about his claim. Chavez waited
“203 days after the conclusion of his state post-conviction proceedings before
deciding to seek relief in federal court.” Chavez, 647 F.3d at 1072–73 (citing
Pace v. DiGuglielmo, 544 U.S. 408, 419, 125 S. Ct. 1807, 1815 (2005) (partially
denying petitioner’s argument for equitable tolling because “not only did
petitioner sit on his rights for years before he filed his [state postconviction]
petition, but he also sat on them for five more months after his [state post-
conviction] proceedings became final before deciding to seek relief in federal
court”)). This Court then determined:
In summary, after accounting for statutory tolling under § 2244(d)(2),
Chavez’s habeas petition was filed 520 days after the expiration of
the one-year limitations period set out in § 2244(d). Even with the
generous assumption that the entire 429 days while Lipinski was
representing Chavez should be equitably tolled, the petition was still
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91 days too late. Given that the facts alleged in the petition, even if
true, would not warrant enough equitable tolling to make it timely,
the district court did not abuse its discretion in denying Chavez’s
motion for an evidentiary hearing to prove those allegations.
Id. at 1073.
Here, AEDPA’s statute-of-limitations clock commenced on March 24,
1998, making Banks’s federal habeas petition deadline March 24, 1999. See 28
U.S.C. § 2244(d). Hazen was appointed on October 15, 2003. Banks’s federal
habeas petition was not filed until December 1, 2004. That is 2,079 days, or 5
years, 8 months and 7 days after the March 24, 1999 habeas deadline. Moreover,
even if we were to toll from the beginning of Printy’s representation to the date
Hazen was appointed, the 413 days of Hazen’s representation prior to the filing of
Banks’s habeas petition would remain untolled. Banks has not presented any
evidence that he was diligently pursuing his rights during the 1 year, 1 month, and
16 days that Hazen delayed the filing of his habeas petition so as to warrant
equitable tolling. He therefore cannot meet Holland’s second prong.4
Banks argues that it was impossible for him to be “diligent” when he
thought the deadline was already “blown,” but even if we assume he has met the
diligence prong, Banks has made no claim of gross negligence during Hazen’s
4
The diligence required is reasonable diligence. Holland, 130 S. Ct. at 2565.
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representation that would amount to an extraordinary circumstance and allow for
equitable tolling under 28 U.S.C. § 2244(d)(2). As the district court correctly
stated, the only references to Hazen’s representation in the present motion are that
he never provided a show-cause order and that he did not provide Banks with a
response to the order. This conduct is not grossly negligent. See Holland, 130 S.
Ct. at 2564 (noting an “extraordinary” instance in which attorney’s conduct
constituted far more than “garden variety” or “excusable” neglect).
To the contrary, Hazen frequently communicated with Banks regarding the
status of his federal habeas petition. Hazen purposely wrote to Banks and
explained that he planned to wait to file Banks’s federal habeas petition until he
had finished other work. Banks has not alleged any facts or proffered any
evidence reflecting more than negligence by Hazen.
IV. CONCLUSION
At bottom, it is ultimately Hazen’s lack of gross negligence that confirms
that, on this record, Banks is not entitled to Rule 60(b)(6) relief. The judgment of
the district court is affirmed.
AFFIRMED.
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