This is a libel for salvage brought by Robert R. Hind, libellant, owner of the steamer “Upolu,” whereof Eranlt Dalton is master. It is brought for himself as well as for 1he master and crew of the steamer “Upolu,” against the brigantine '“Consuelo” her tackle, apparel, furniture, boats and appurtenances, whereof one A. G. Page is master, and against all persons intervening for their interests therein. Libellant asks salvage in the sum of $3,000. EL A. Eraser answers the said libel, .intervening on behalf of himself, O. A. Nelson and J. Renton, .-as co-owners of the said “Consuelo.”
Thei matter was referred to W. J. Robinson, as special referee, to take testimony and report the same to this Court.
Salvage is defined to be services rendered in the rescue or -relief of property at sea in imminent peril of loss or deterioration.
A salvor is one who-, without any particular relation to> a vessel in distress, proffers useful service and gives it as a voluntary adventurer. Tie may act with or without request. So assistance needed and rendered under such circumstances is in the nature of salvage services.
The facts appear to be these:
That the “Consuelo,” asaiiing vessel, Captain A. G. Pagecom'inanding', was on a trip from San Erancisco to- Mahukona, on the Island of Hawaii. She reached the roadstead of'Mahukona *99abo-ut October 25th, 1900, but owing to the fact that other vessels were lying in, could not get a mooring until the- evening of the 14th of November, when at about ten o-’clock of that night she was moored about a quarter of a mile from the. shore.
During the night the wind blew heavily from the southwest toward the land, the barometer fell and a storm known as a “kona,” common to these islands, prevailed during the entire night. That about two o’clock in the morning, Mr. Eraser, one of the owners of the “Consuelo,” and consignee of her cargo-, being on the shore, arose and aroused some of his men and ordered them to go out and go aboard of the “Consuelo” and find out if she needed anything. That they did so, and reported to the captain of the “Consuelo,” who with his mate, steward and crew, including every man aboard of the “Consuelo,” left the ship and went ashore in the boat with the natives sent out by Mr. Eraser, leaving the “Consuelo” entirely alone.
There is some conflict as to how long they stayed ashore, but it is in evidence that the captain, with his officers and men, remained ashore from a little after four o’clock until after six, when the captain returned alone with the native crew which he claimed to have obtained on shore, in the same boat. It.is not contradicted that some life preservers were taken in the open boat when it left thei “Consuelo” first, thus tending to show that the officers and men of the “Consuelo” thought there might be need of them, and that the mate and one of the crew took bundles with them to the shore, probably their clothes. It does not appear that the captain ordered his men to remain on the vessel, oar that -he -desired -to remain on her himself. No explanation is offered by either the captain or anyone else for the conduct of the crew in leaving; there is no testimony as to, a mutiny or any dissatisfaction among the men aboard of her. The captain saying in explanation only: “I co-uldn’t prevent it— they would go. They got in the shore boat and I went in order to get another crew for the vessel.” But when ready to- sail his old crew went with him on board his ship.
*100It was certainly most extraordinary conduct on tbe part of tbe officers and men of tbe vessel to desert tbe sbip without cause, and especially as not one of these officers or men, with the exception of tbe captain and the cook, were called as witnesses to explain this proceeding. It wo-uld appear that tire action of the crew in deserting- tire vessel in this manner in company with the captain must have been due to, some cause which they now do not admit, and from an examination of all the testimony in relation toi the storm that was prevailing, and the position of the “Consuelo,,” the Court must assume that it was fear of the danger in which the vessel was then in that induced this wholesale desertion. This seems to, he more apparent from the testimony of tire witnesses for the litbellee to, the , effect that' when the “Upolu” hove in sight, thei recreant crew consented to go hack at once upon the vessel.
It further appears that, Mr. Frazer, one of the- owners and the consignee of the “Consuelo,” and intervenor herein, telephoned to, Mr. Hind, the owner of the “Upolu,” then lying at Alaalae, some twelve or fifteen miles from Mahukona, to send the “Upolu.”- There seems to he- some disagreement between Mr. Frazer and Mr. Hind as lo what the object was in having the “Upolu” sent around to, Mahukona.
Mr. Frasea" testified he telephoned to Mr. Hind and asked him where, the “Upolu” was.....“I told him,” says Mr. Fraser, “that the 'Consuelo,’ was lying in port with a so-utherly wind and that there was .a possibility that the captain might want to tow out, and I asked him to send the 'Upo-lu’ down and lie there; and in case the captain wanted a tow he could give him the tow.”
While Mr. Hind testified: “He (Mr. Fraser) telephoned to me to send the 'Upolu’ around to Mahukona to tow the- 'Consuelo’ out of port, which she afterwards did......1 said I would go down and find a boat, and he said, 'I wish you wo-uld, as the 'Consuelo’ has a very valuable cargo and we bate to lose it.’ ”
There does not seem to the Court to have been brat one object in getting tlie, “Upolu” at Mahukona, and that was to as*101sist the “Consuelo” out to sea because of the very serious gale that was then blowing in the port of Mahukona and the threatening danger to the “Consuelo” if she remained there. At any rate the “Hpolu” left Alaalae about seven o’clock A. M. and reached'Mahukona about nine o-’clock or a little after. "When she reached there she blew her whistle two separate times, but received no response from the “Consuelo” and noi one appeared upon the deck of that vessel, no one was aboard of her; and as the “Upolu” was in danger of being entangled in the hawsers that connected the “Consuelo” with the buoys, the “Upolu” was about to turn around and go back when heir captain saw a boat leave the shore with some men in her. Tire testimony of the captain of the “Consuelo” at this point is of interest. He says: “I thought it was strange to sleei the ‘Upolu’ coming along at that time, anid I askeidi one of the nlaitive crew where the ‘Upolu’ was¡ going. Lie said, ‘I -think shia is going to- tow you out;’ “and so,” said the captain of the ‘Consuelo,’ “we all went ashore again so that we could pick up my craw and get them hack on hoard, which I did. When 1 went ashore I asked Mr. Eraser if he had made any agreement with the ‘Upolu’ to tow me out. This was before the ‘Upolu’ got there, although in sight. He said ‘no,’ 'and I asked him if I Avonld make any agreement. Lie said, ‘no, leave that to us.’ ” The captain further testifies: “I Avenlt hack, put my crew aboard of the ‘Consuelo,’ and I then spoke the captain of the ‘Upolu,’ and I asked him if he could toAV us out, and he said he could if I set my fore and aft sails, my lower top-sails and stay-sails Avhen we got started. That Avas all the conversation. I did not make any arrangement Avith him to do this because I supposed tire owners, Mr. Erase-r and Mr. Renton, took the matter out of my hands and ordered the boat unbeknown to me.”
It seems hardly credible that the captain of tae “Consuelo” Avas unaAATare of the ordering of the “Hpolu” to Mahukona in A'ieAv of the fact that Captain Page Avas ashore Avhen Mr. Eraser *102was telephoning to Mr. Hind early in the morning, and that a storm was then prevailing.
It seams that the captain of the “Consuelo” and his crew assisted in getting a lime on board of the “Upolu” and she towed the “Oonsueloi” out to sea, the actual time consumed ini this towage being some three-quarters of an hour, although some of the witness for libellee testified that it took but fifteen minutes.
Thera is some conflict in the testimony as to whether tlre-re was any danger to the “Oomsnelo-” at the time the services were rendered by the “Upolu;” and whether if so-, the danger was such as to entitle the “Upolu” to salvage compensation. It is clear to the Court from the testimony as a whole, that there can not he any doubt as to the dangerous position in which the “Consuelo” was lying and that her captain and the owners of the vessel thought she was in danger, and that all parties, including the sailors, were conscious of it. Else why did the captain and crew leave the ship? The sailors did not go hack to the ship until after the “Upolu” was sighted as appears from the evidence- of both the captain and the cook of the “Consuelo-.” If tire “Consuelo” were- mot in danger, why did Mr. Fraser, the owner or co-owher o-f the vessel, early on the morning of the 15th of November, telephone to- the owner of tire “Upolu” to have her sent around to, the port of Mahukona, and why were Mr. Frazer -and his men np at two: o’clock in the morning, the latter going out to- the “Consuelo,” “to see if she wanted anything,” and tiren returning to the shore with all her officers and men abo-ard, leaving the s-lrip entirely alone?
If it had been possible for the captain of the “Consuelo” to have set sail and gone o-ut of port safely, without the assistance of the “Upo-lu” as he mow testifies, why did he mot do- this and not abandon his ship in the- first place, and then returning ask the captain of th-e “Upolu” “can you tow us out?” And why after being towed out, did he remain, away from the port of Mahukona until the weather moderated and was again fair? If *103the place was safe and the weather such as to permit him to remain there, why did he not do so?
The real facts are there was a severe south wind blowing and the “Consuelo” was in danger of slipping her moorings, going upon the shore or being swamped in the sea. This must have been the fear -that took possession of the captain and the crew when they deserted the ship. It is the common instinct of the captain of a ship to remain on her deck, and no rational explanation has been given of this desertion of the vessel.
It is clear to the Court that the services of the “Upolu” were necessary in order to take the “Consuelo’’ out to sea, as appears especially from the testimony of Qaptain Campbell, a witness for the libellee, and a man of large experience in these waters, who when asked whether a vessel could sail out from this particular spot moored as was the “Consuelo,” and the wind blowing as it was blowing on that morning, testified: “She might possibly if there was mot a very heavy sea on; she would have what they call a hip and tuck’ to get out.”
It is clear to the Court that the case is one where salvage compensation should be awarded. This seems to> be admitted by libell'ee, who tendered to libellant one hundred and ten dollars when the regular towage rate as testified to is forty dollars. In this case the services of the “Upolu” were not only requested by the owner, but were of value in saving the “Consuelo,” which vessel was valued a,t about six thousand dollars and her cargo at about the same amount.
The fact that the “Consuelo” suffered no' damage is not material. If she were in danger of loss or deterioration or damage at the time the sendees were rendered, then it is a case for salvage. Tet the services of the “Upolu” were not of such a character as to entitle her to large compensation, although her position among the lines of the “Consuelo’’ placed her ia danger of having her propeller caught and being cast ashore. In a sea of the character described and a storm of the nature testified to, this danger was enhanced. The Court in view of all these circumstances, is of the opinion that the “Upolu” is *104entitled to salvage and fixes the amount at the sum of seven hundred and fifty dollars, to be distributed as follows:
To Frank Dalton, Captain of the “Hpolu,” fifty dollars; to A.' Domes, Chief Engineer thereof, and to James Davis, Assistant Engineer, twenty-five dollars each; to the five sailors constituting the crew and cook, fifty dollars, being ten dollars each; and the balance of six hundred dollars to the libellant, Robert R. Hind, with costs.
Let judgment be entered accordingly.