Globe Metallurgical, Inc. v. United States

SLIP OP. 09-37

UNITED STATES COURT OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE
_____________________________________
:
GLOBE METALLURGICAL, INC., :
:
Plaintiff, :
v. : Before: Jane A. Restani, Chief Judge
:
UNITED STATES, : Consol. Court No. 07-00386
:
Defendant, : Public Version
:
and :
:
DATONG JINNENG INDUSTRIAL :
SILICON CO., INC., JIANGXI :
GANGYUAN SILICON INDUSTRY :
COMPANY, LTD., and SHANGHAI :
JINNENG INTERNATIONAL TRADE :
CO., LTD., :
:
Defendant-Intervenors. :
_____________________________________:

OPINION

[Commerce’s remand determination sustained.]

Dated: May 5, 2009

DLA Piper US LLP (William D. Kramer, Clifford E. Stevens, Jr., Jack A. Levy,
Martin Schaefermeier, and Arlette Grabczynska) for the plaintiff.

Michael F. Hertz, Deputy Assistant Attorney General; Jeanne E. Davidson,
Director, Reginald T. Blades, Jr., Assistant Director, Commercial Litigation Branch, Civil
Division, U.S. Department of Justice (Loren M. Preheim); Aaron P. Kleiner, Brian R. Soiset,
Jonathan M. Zielinski, and William J. Kovatch, Jr., Office of the Chief Counsel for Import
Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, of counsel, for the defendant.

Mayer Brown LLP (Duane W. Layton, Kristy L. Balsanek, and Sydney H.
Mintzer) for the defendant-intervenors.
Consol. Court No. 07-00386 Page 2

Restani, Chief Judge: Plaintiff Globe Metallurgical, Inc. (“Globe”) and defendant-

intervenors Datong Jinneng Industrial Silicon Co., Inc., Jiangxi Gangyuan Silicon Industry

Company, Ltd., and Shanghai Jinneng International Trade Co., Ltd. (“Defendant-Intervenors”)

challenged the results of new shipper reviews of an antidumping duty order on silicon metal

from the People’s Republic of China (“PRC”). Following initial briefing and oral argument, the

court granted, in part, Globe’s motion for judgment on the agency record, denied defendant-

intervenors’ motion for judgment on the agency record, and remanded for the Department of

Commerce (“Commerce”) to calculate the normal value of silica fume based on information that

relates more specifically to the by-product silica fume. Globe Metallurgical, Inc. v. United

States, Slip Op. 08-105, 2008 WL 4417187, at *7 (CIT Oct. 1, 2008). On remand, Commerce

valued silica fume using an average unit value (“AUV”) based on World Trade Atlas (“WTA”)

Indian import data for the basket tariff subheading for silicon dioxide, excluding from its

calculation countries that were not producers of silicon metal or ferrosilicon and countries

identified as nonmarket economies. Following remand, Globe asserts that Commerce’s

valuation is unsupported by substantial evidence and contrary to law because the silicon dioxide

import AUV is not product-specific and includes large volumes of imports that are not silica

fume, which significantly distorts the AUV calculation for silica fume and understates the

dumping margins calculated. The court finds that Commerce’s selection of a narrower subset of

the WTA Indian import data for silicon dioxide to calculate the normal value of silica fume is

supported by substantial evidence and in accordance with law.

BACKGROUND

Commerce initiated new shipper reviews of Defendant-Intervenors for the June 1,
Consol. Court No. 07-00386 Page 3

2005, through May 31, 2006, period of review (“POR”) of the Antidumping Duty Order: Silicon

Metal From the People’s Republic of China, 56 Fed. Reg. 26,649 (June 10, 1991). See Silicon

Metal From the People’s Republic of China: Initiation of Antidumping Duty New Shipper

Reviews, 71 Fed. Reg. 42,084, 42,085 (July 25, 2006). In October 2007, Commerce published

the final results of the new shipper reviews. See Silicon Metal from the People’s Republic of

China: Notice of Final Results of 2005/2006 New Shipper Reviews, 72 Fed. Reg. 58,641 (Oct.

16, 2007) (“Final Results”). Commerce considered the PRC a nonmarket economy country for

the purpose of these reviews and selected India as its surrogate country for valuing the factors of

production for Chinese silicon metal. See Issues and Decision Memorandum for the Final

Results of 2004/2006 Antidumping Duty New Shipper Reviews of Silicon Metal from the

People’s Republic of China, A-570-806, POR 6/01/05-5/31/06, at 5, 8–9 (Oct. 9, 2007),

available at http://ia.ita.doc.gov/frn/summary/PRC/E7-20344-1.pdf (“Issues and Decision

Memorandum”).

JURISDICTION AND STANDARD OF REVIEW

The court has jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1581(c). The court will uphold

Commerce’s final determination in an antidumping investigation unless it is “unsupported by

substantial evidence on the record, or otherwise not in accordance with law.” 19 U.S.C.

§ 1516a(b)(1)(B)(i).

DISCUSSION

Commerce is required to use the “best available information” when valuing the

factors of production, based on publicly available information from a market economy of

comparable economic development. 19 U.S.C. § 1677b(c)(1); 19 C.F.R. § 351.408. Commerce
Consol. Court No. 07-00386 Page 4

has “broad discretion” in this valuation process, Timken Co. v. United States, 166 F. Supp. 2d

608, 616 (CIT 2001), and the court will uphold Commerce’s determination “if it is reasonable

and supported by the record,” Nippon Steel Corp. v. United States, 458 F.3d 1345, 1352 (Fed.

Cir. 2006) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted).

Silica fume is a by-product created during the production of silicon metal and

ferrosilicon, and the value of silica fume is subtracted from the production cost of silicon metal

when calculating silicon metal’s normal value. See Issues and Decision Memorandum at 20.

Because silica fume does not have a specific subheading under the Indian Harmonized Tariff

Schedule, Commerce calculated an AUV for silica fume imports into India using WTA Indian

import data covered by the basket tariff subheading for all forms of silicon dioxide. See id. at

20–21, 25. The resulting AUV was approximately $1700 per metric ton (“MT”). Id. at 21.

Commerce relied on the WTA data, asserting that it could not determine whether the Infodrive

India data submitted by Globe included “a significant percentage of the WTA data,” but

acknowledged that the WTA data “may [have] include[d] higher-valued products.” Id. at 25.

The court held that valuing silica fume using the basket category AUV “captures

too many products that are not the by-product silica fume,” and that “the best available

information is data that better relates to the specific by-product silica fume.” Globe, 2008 WL

4417187, at *7. Thus, the matter was remanded to Commerce “in order for it to obtain better

information for valuing silica fume or to use information on the record that relates specifically to

the by-product silica fume.” Id.

On remand, Commerce allowed interested parties the opportunity to submit new

information and initiated “its own extensive search” of surrogate value information to use in
Consol. Court No. 07-00386 Page 5

valuing silica fume. See Final Results of Redetermination Pursuant to Court Remand for Globe

Metallurgical, Inc. v. United States at 2–3 (Feb. 2, 2009) (Docket No. 110) (“Remand Results”).

Commerce was “unable to find alternative, reliable sources,” and instead, adjusted the WTA

Indian import data for silicon dioxide to include only data from countries identified as producers

of silicon metal or ferrosilicon by the U.S. Geological Survey (“USGS”) 2005 Mineral Yearbook

for Ferroalloys. Id. at 3. Commerce also excluded countries that it had determined to be

nonmarket economies. Id. Thus, based on these adjustments, Commerce’s revised AUV of

approximately $778 per MT1 for silica fume was based on WTA Indian import data from thirteen

countries identified by the USGS as producers of silicon metal or ferrosilicon, compared to the

original AUV of approximately $1700 per MT in the Final Results based on WTA Indian import

data from twenty-five countries.2 Id.

Globe contends that a surrogate value for silica fume based on even the adjusted

AUV fails to comply with the court’s requirement of “product-specific data” because it captures

too many high-end products that distort the AUV calculation. (Pl.’s Comments on

Redetermination on Remand Issued by Dept. of Commerce (“Pl.’s Remand Comments”) 2.)

Globe contends that in choosing the relevant import data to include in the AUV, Commerce

1
Commerce lists an AUV of $778 per MT for Datong Jinneng Industrial Silicon Co., Inc.
and Shanghai Jinneng International Trade Co., Ltd. and an AUV of $774 for Jiangxi Gangyuan
Silicon Industry Company, Ltd. (See Remand App. to Defendant-Intervenors’ Comments on
Final Results of Redetermination Pursuant to Court Remand Tabs B, C.) The parties have not
explained the reasoning for this slight discrepancy and obviously view this difference as
immaterial.
2
The thirteen countries relied on in the Remand Results are Brazil, Spain, Iran, Egypt,
South Africa, Australia, Norway, France, Sweden, United States, Italy, Canada, and North
Korea. Id.
Consol. Court No. 07-00386 Page 6

failed to consider additional information in the record, most significantly Infodrive India data,

which Globe contends demonstrated that seven of the thirteen countries included in the adjusted

AUV supplied significant amounts of products other than silica fume to India during the POR.

(Id. at 4–5.) Globe maintains that only the silicon dioxide imports from the remaining six

countries should be used to calculate an adjusted AUV of either $530 per MT using the further

adjusted WTA import data or $470 per MT using the Infodrive import data, because the

Infodrive data demonstrates that the imports underlying these values consisted almost entirely of

silica fume. (Id. at 9–10.) Globe also contends that the average sales prices of refractory-grade

silica fume in India during the POR by Norchem Inc., a U.S. producer and exporter of silica

fume into India, indicate that the adjusted AUV calculated by Commerce is significantly

distorted.3 (Id. at 10–11.)

In selecting surrogate values for use in nonmarket economy proceedings,

Commerce understandably prefers to use prices that are publicly available, broad market

averages, contemporaneous with the POR, specific to the input in question, and exclusive of

taxes. Import Administration Policy Bulletin 04.1: Non-Market Economy Surrogate Country

Selection Process at *4 (March 1, 2004), available at http://ia.ita.doc.gov/policy/bull04-1.html.

3
Norchem’s average price for silica fume sold to India during the POR was $[[ ]] per
MT for bagged, densified refractory-grade silica fume and $[[ ]] per MT for bagged,
undensified refractory-grade silica fume. (Id. at 11.) This partially corroborates either of the
two adjusted WTA figures now proposed by Commerce and Globe.
Globe also argues that Commerce erred in not including Germany as a country that
produced silicon metal during the POR, but maintains that if Germany had been included, this
would have further distorted the AUV for silica fume because only a small portion of the silicon
dioxide imports into India during the POR from Germany were silica fume. (Id. at 15–18.) The
court finds this argument to be contradictory, and it is also based on problematic Infodrive India
import data.
Consol. Court No. 07-00386 Page 7

Commerce acknowledged that in this case it “continue[d] to be left with imperfect options” but

concluded that its use of the adjusted WTA data it chose for valuing silica fume “relates more

specifically to silica fume than the unadjusted WTA data.” Remand Results at 5–6. That is no

doubt true, but the essential issue raised by Globe is whether Infodrive India data should be used

either to further adjust the WTA data or as a substitute for the WTA data.

Commerce has repeatedly expressed concerns over Infodrive’s reliability, given

the “significant and . . . unresolved discrepancies between the [WTA data and Infodrive data]

that render the Infodrive data unusable.”4 Id. at 7. Information has not been provided detailing

the specific relationship of Infodrive India data to the WTA Indian import data or what amount

of the Infodrive data were subject to customs duties.5 Infodrive data is based upon a variety of

types of information and admittedly is not derived from data from all of India’s ports.

Commerce has stated that it will nonetheless “consider[] Infodrive data when further evaluating

import data, provided the following conditions are met: 1) there is direct and substantial

evidence from Infodrive reflecting the imports from a particular country; 2) a significant portion

4
Commerce noted that

while the WTA Indian import data for silicon dioxide during the POR
contains a total of 8,287 MT of silicon dioxide, the Infodrive India data
contains 17,864 MT, . . . [and] 80% of the Infodrive India entries by
volume are identified as not subject to customs duties. If we accept that
such entries should be excluded, the total Infodrive India volume drops to
just 3,409 MT, which is less than half the official WTA Indian import
volume.

Issues and Decision Memorandum at 25.
5
Imports subject to duties are likely for consumption in India, the surrogate country.
Consol. Court No. 07-00386 Page 8

of the overall imports under the relevant HTS category is represented by the Infodrive India data;

and 3) distortions of the AUV in question can be demonstrated by the Infodrive data.”

Antidumping Duty Investigation of Lightweight Thermal Paper from the People’s Republic of

China: Issues and Decision Memorandum, A-570-920, POR 1/01/07-6/30/07, at 34 (Oct. 2,

2008), available at http://ia.ita.doc.gov/frn/summary/PRC/E8-23284-1.pdf. Here, Commerce

has been “unable to determine what percentage of the total import data is captured by the

Infodrive data.” Remand Results at 8. Under these facts the court cannot say Commerce must

use the Infodrive data for any purpose.

The new value selected by Commerce is well within the range of silica fume

prices in India. It is impossible to say if the better value is $530 per MT or $778 per MT or

some other value. Given that “there is no single surrogate value option offered by any interested

party that guarantees a perfect match with the silica fume sold by [Defendant-Intervenors],” id.

at 9, the WTA data selected by Commerce, which comes from official Indian import statistics

supplied by the Indian government, constituted suitable information for Commerce to use here.

Unlike the prior value of $1700 per MT, the $778 per MT value is adequately supported on this

record by the adjusted WTA data and other corroborating information. Accordingly,

Commerce’s new choice of a value for silica fume was based on data that better relates to the

specific by-product silica fume as required by the court’s remand and was supported by

substantial evidence.
 CONCLUSION

The results of the remand determination are sustained in their entirety.

/s/ Jane A. Restani
Jane A. Restani
Chief Judge

Dated: This 5th day of May, 2009.
New York, New York