delivered the opinion of the Court.
This is an election contest. This case is a sequel to the case of Brown v. Thurman, decided by this Court on March 8, 1957, and reported in 201 Tenn. 474, 300 S.W.2d 883. In that case, among other things, this Court determined that a candidate for office, in this particular instance, could not by injunction impound absentee ballots before their transmission to the voting precincts on the theory that large numbers of such ballots were illegal. We determined that the remedy was to appear at the precincts and object to the absentee ballots. The remedy was not by injunctive proceedings.
Melvin L. Brown and Mrs. Charles Vaughn were opposing candidates in the election of August 2, 1956, for the office of Superintendent of Schools for Clay County. On
As a result of the Chancellor dissolving the injunction wherein the Commissioners had been enjoined from counting the absentee ballots the present suit was filed a few days thereafter by Mrs. Vaughn against Brown in the County Court of Clay County, as an election contest. In this suit she averred that the election was valid but that due to the fact that the Commissioners had not been able to count these absentee ballots that the ballots had not been counted for her and that she received a great majority of these ballots, which if counted would have shown that she was the winner of this contest. In this suit in the County Court she asked to have the Commissioners bring these ballots to court and that the court count the ballots so that a fair election could be had.
After various and sundry motions and pleas were filed to this suit in the County Court (hereinafter to be considered) the County Judge concluded his count of these ballots on November 13, 1956, and found that Mrs. Vaughn had received 239 of these ballots and that Mr. Brown had received 7 of these votes. When these were added to their totals as returned by the Commissioners
As said above the trial judge affirmed the holding of the County Judge and dismissed the appeal because there was no bill of exceptions. In this holding the trial judge was following the case of Griffitts v. Rockford Utility District, 41. Tenn.App. 653, 298 S.W.2d 33, certiorari denied October 5, 1956. The Court of .Appeals in that case determined, among other things, that where an appeal in the nature of a writ of error is prosecuted from the County Court to the Circuit Court a bill of exceptions is required. "We think the decision sound and expressly approve such holding in cases of the kind now before us.
The decree of the County Court which is brought up with the record in this case shows that the Commissioners of election were before the County Judge and by the force of a subpoena duces tecum they had brought with them these absentee ballots before any of them had been opened. In other words they were brought by the Commis
This very finding indicates within itself how essential it is to have had a bill of exceptions made up because it was from this evidence and these ballots alone that the County Judge determined that defendant in error was elected as opposed to Brown who had been declared the nominee when all the ballots had not been counted by reason of an injunctive process hereinabove referred to.
There is no jury in a contested election case. Shields v. McMahan, 112 Tenn. 1, 81 S.W. 597. This is a contested election case and is a suit to recover an office, not to remove a usurper, and such a suit is a civil suit and is brought to enforce a civil right in a controversy between contestant and the contestee. This suit is filed to recover an office as distinguished from an action to annul an election. With these observations in mind it is clear that the reasoning of the Court of Appeals in Griffitts v. Rockford Utility District, supra, is sound reasoning under an appeal from the County Court to the Circuit Court.
The next question for our consideration which is probably raised in the pleadings is whether or not the County Court had any jurisdiction or whether the original jurisdiction of an action of the kind here was in the Circuit Court.
Code Section 49-222, T.C.A., provides for the qualifications, etc., of the County Superintendent of Schools. Where there is no specific private statutory method for the election of a County Superintendent he is elected by the County Courts of the several counties of the State. The qualifications of the Superintendents are given and what he shall do when elected. Clearly this qualification applies to a Superintendent elected by the County Court or one elected by special statute (as in the instant case) by the people. This provision is:
‘‘The person so elected shall possess all qualifications therefor now required by law and upon his election, shall execute bond in an amount to be fixed by the county judge or chairman and likewise take an oath to faithfully discharge the duties of his office. ’ ’
Clearly this requires the county superintendent to execute his bond according to the general statutes to be fixed by the County Judge and to take an oath of office to discharge his duties. Thus it is that the County Court is the court having power to induct this county superintendent into office. This being true the jurisdiction to determine
By Chapter 606 of the Private Acts of 1923 provision was made that the County Superintendent as it so happens at that time under the population standard applied to Clay County should be elected by the people at the regular August elections. There was no provision in this Section of the Act where an election contest involving this office should be held. The Act did provide “that the certificate of qualification shall be filed with the County Judge or Chairman of the County Court * * * ’ This Act was amended by Chapter 324 of the Private Acts of 1943. This amendment though in no wise affected anything pertaining to the County Superintendent of Clay County now before us. Thus we see that by the Private Act making the election of the County Superintendent of Clay County a popular election by the people the Act provides that he shall make his qualifications before the County Judge. The general law (49-222, T.C.A.) above referred to as to where the County Superintendent shall qualify, clearly applies to the Superintendent of Schools of Clay County. These facts being true we are satisfied that this election contest should have been commenced or originated in the County Court of Clay County.
The question is raised by demurrer and motion in the County Court and again attempted to be raised in the Circuit Court that this was not an election contest. An election contest is a controversy between two private individuals as to the right to exercise the functions and enjoy the emoluments of an office. Maloney v. Collier, 112
These election commissioners there had an opportunity, and we must assume, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, that they did examine these ballots and if there were any that were not legitimate and fair this fact would have been shown to the Court and the Court would have thrown them out. The presumption is from this decree that the Court heard this proof and concluded that these were legitimate, honest votes and an expression of the people. This fact the commissioners had not been allowed to do by reason of a previous injunctive order of the Chancery Court. The commissioners obviously after having made their final return could not do anything as long as this suit of Brown v. Thurman, supra, was pending. What could the commissioners do under the circumstances in this case after they had done their official duty in counting the votes that they did count where they
The petition among other things prayed that:
"Said returns should be impeached, and/or, amended or corrected by reason of the following * * *."
Then of course follows the allegation of facts about these ballots being impounded and that if they were properly counted that Mrs. Vaugbn would be elected. To our minds this clearly presents (as said above) an election contest.
It was the duty of the Circuit Court, as it is our duty, to consider any errors or error that was apparent on the face of the technical record. Under such a situation it is not necessary to have a motion for a new trial or a bill of exceptions. The Appellate Courts consider any of these errors that might appear on the face of this technical record because such errors do not directly affect the correctness of the verdict and would not be cured by setting it aside. Memphis St. R. Co. v. Johnson, 114 Tenn. 632, 88 S.W. 169, 170; Nashville, C. & St. L. R. Co. v. Smith, 147 Tenn. 453, 249 S.W. 377; Morristown, Mayor and Aldermen of, v. Love, 160 Tenn. 177, 22 S.W.2d 769. When the error though relates to questions that the verdict is not supported by the evidence or there
It is said in argument that the County Court refused to hear some 200 or more witnesses that were there in behalf of Mr. Brown and that these were offered but refused. It is likewise said that the County Judge refused to put it in the order that these witnesses had been there and that he had refused hearing and various and sundry other things are said in the argument that were refused below which if they had been made a part of the bill of exceptions could have been considered by us. These things though not appearing in the bill of exceptions we have no right to consider them. The object of the bill of exceptions is to put all of these matters, which are complained of in argument here, so that in the first instance the Circuit Judge and then the proper Appellate Court when appealed could see if there were errors of law in granting or not granting a new trial. The notes of counsel or parties, depositions, or other writings or testimony of witnesses taken by word of mouth or anything of that kind are not here and cannot be considered by us unless they are a part of the bill of exceptions. Spurlock v. Fulks, 31 Tenn. 289; Hardwick v. State, 74 Tenn. 229; Turner v. State, 187 Tenn. 309, 213 S.W.2d 281; Hammers v. Prudential Life Ins. Co., 188 Tenn. 6, 216 S.W.2d 703, and many others. Likewise
The decree and judgment of the County Judge shows that the plaintiff in error abandoned in the Circuit Court his plea in abatement, pleas of estoppel, pleas of former suit pending and objections to five days’ notice. This being done the Circuit Judge struck those pleas from the record. Be that as it may they are more or less covered one way or another by the motion here which had its basis as a plea in the County Court that that Court was without jurisdiction. We have acted on that question hereinabove and it is not necessary that we say more about it.
There were eight separate motions filed to expunge or strike from the petition certain portions of the petition. These motions are based on the fact that things that are there moved to be expunged or stricken from it are argumentative and have no part in an election contest. We do not think it is here necessary to take up each of these motions and consider them separately because as we see the matter the petition fairly and frankly stated what the cause of action of Mrs. Vaughn was and did state an election contest. We see no error in the trial judge’s overruling and disallowing any of these eight separate motions.
There was a demurrer filed which was argued before the Circuit Judge, as it was before the Judge of the County Court. In both instances it was overruled. This demurrer consists of seven grounds. Each of these grounds is an argument that the suit should not be maintained because of various and sundry questions hereto
We, after carefully considering all these grounds of the demurrer, are satisfied that the lower court was correct in overruling this demurrer. Our reasons for this conclusion are substantially set out heretofore in this opinion. We will not reiterate them.
Various lengthy written motions are in the record made on behalf of plaintiff in error, Brown, that the Circuit Court grant him a trial de novo. The trial court after hearing these various motions and the reasons therefor properly denied each of those motions. The parties could not consent to jurisdiction. The law provides that these hearings shall be in a certain way. Presumably the parties know the law or should know the law and the rules of how this should be done. If they do not or if an error is made on their behalf in presenting their case there is nothing that this Court has the power or the right to do about it.