Upon the accounting of the executors of Ann Bolton, deceased, Mrs. Myers and Mrs. Littlewood, her daughters, appeared as contestants, and filed objections to the accounts rendered. Thr decree of the surrogate was adverse to them, as to various items, and we are now to determine whether any of their overruled objections were well taken.
Our jurisdiction is more limited than that of the surrogate and of the supreme court, as we can consider only questions of law presented for our consideration ,t¡y proper exceptions. While, after careful examination, we find no error of law in this record, we are not without some misgivings that injustice may have been done to the contestants in the settlement of the accounts, but we see no remedy for it here. Mrs. Bolton died in November. 1882, leaving two sons, the executors, two daughters, and an adopted son, William H. Birchall. From a period anterior to 1880 down to the time of her death, she owned certain real estate occupied by a manufacturing establishment, upon which, for many years, the business of bleaching, dyeing, and printing had been carried on. On the 1st day of March, 1880, she leased to her two sons and adopted son this real estate, with all the machinery thereon, for the term of ten years, for an annual rental, and they carried on the business there under the name of the Bronx Company. Shortly before the expiration of the lease, the real estate was talren by the city of New York, by condemnation proceedings, for the Bronx park, and an award was made therefor to the owners thereof, which was paid and distributed. The lessees continued to occupy the real estate and the machinery until a short time before August 31, 1891, when they were ordered by the city to surrender the possession of the real estate and remove the machinery. They then advertised, and on that day sold by auction, the machinery belonging to the estate of the deceased, for $592.82. Most of the machinery was purchased by Mr. Birchall, and thereafter taken to West Farms, a distance of two or-three miles, and there put into other buildings, and used in the same business by the Bronx Company.- It was claimed before the surrogate, and is now claimed by the contestants, that the machinery, at the time of the sale, was worth over $52,000; that the sale thereof was improvident; that the machinery was really purchased by the Bronx Company, and for it, by and through Birchall; that the Bronx Company had had the benefit of the purchase; and that, therefore, the executors, who were two of the three members of the Bronx Company, should be charged with the value thereof. We .are inclined to *342think that, as matter of justice, the executors should be charged with a larger sum for the machinery than it brought at the auction sale. But there was really no reliable basis in the evidence before the surrogate for doing it. The sale is not attacked for fraud. It was extensively advertised in newspapers, and by printed notices and catalogues. Notices of the sale were mailed to the contestants and their- counsel, and there is no evidence that they did not receive them. There can be no doubt that the executors meant to give, and did in fact give ample notice of the sale. At the sale there were present from 50 to 75 persons; among them, several dealers^ in secondhand machinery. The sale was fairly conducted by a competent and experienced auctioneer, and there is no charge that any artifice was used by any one to stifle competition among bidders, or that the machinery was not sold in parcels, and in such manner as to bring the best price. There was competition among bidders, there being more than one bid for each article sold. Mr. Birehall, at the auction sale, purchased most of the machinery, and some was bid off by others. Of the articles so bid off. he subseque^ly purchased some at an advanced price, and some of it was retained by such bidders. While the evidence is not entirely clear upon the subject,fit is quite convincing that Birchall paid for the machinery with the money of the Bronx Company, and that the machinery was removed to West Farms, and most of it there placed in buildings, at the expense of that company, and for its benefit, and that it has since been used by that company in its business. Now, what could the executors have done better? They, for their own protection, were bound to sell by auction, and they made the best sale they could. They were not requested to postpone the sale, and no protest was made against it. So far as appears, they had no reason to suppose that the contestants objected to the sale at that time and in that way, or that better prices could be obtained by postponing the same to some future time. As to the value of the machinery, evidence was given that, at the time the real estate was appraised in the condemnation proceedings, two witnesses were called by the exe.'cutors, as claimants there, who testified that the machinery was worth about $52,000, and one of the same witnesses was called by the contestants before the surrogate, and testified that at that time the machinery was, in his opinion, worth that sum. But his estimate was that it was worth that sum in position in the buildings, and in use there, in a large, established and prosperous business. But he did not estimate its value to be sold there and removed, and used or resold elsewhere. It is common experience that machinery sold in a mill, to be removed therefrom, will usually bring but a small sum,-—far less than its 'intrinsic value. That is because generally it is difficult to find purchasers for such machinery, and hence the absence of real competition keeps down prices. The experienced auctioneer who made, the sale testified that, was heavy machinery; that it was located at a place from which it was difficult of transportation; that he judged, from the location of it, and the character of a great deal of it, which was very old, that it brought about all *343it. was worth; that there was nothing sold on one bid; that he saw a number of dealers in second-hand machinery there. There was the further difficulty in charging the executors with any par-, ticular value for this machinery, that it did notappear precisely what machinery was put to use in their manufacturing establishment at West Farms, nor what was the approximate value of that machinery, at the time of the sale, for removal from the place where it was. Taking all these fa'cts, with the testimony of the auctioneer as to value, and the evidence of the value furnished by the sale, made as it was, we cannot say that the surrogate erred, as matter of law, in refusing to' charge the executors, for the machinery, a larger sum than they obtained therefor at the auction sale. We think it would be impossible now'for any one to take all the evidence in this record, find fix a value which ought to be paid upon 'the machinery taken and in use by the Bronx Company, over and above that obtained therefor at the auction sale.
Thomas Bolton, Sr., for the purpose of protecting his real estate against his creditors, executed a mortgage thereon, without any consideration, to Mr. Birchall; and he immediately assigned that mortgage, without any consideration, to Mrs. Bolton, the deceased. The mortgagor died in January, 1879, leaving a will by which he gave all his property to his wife, Ann Bolton, and he appointed his son, Henry B. Bolton, his executor. After his death, Ann Bolton, for the purpose of cutting off the creditors of her husband, foreclosed that mortgage; and upon such foreclosure, and the sale in pursuance thereof, she obtained against Henry B. Bolton, as executor of his father, a deficiency judgment of upwards of $20,000. Her executors made no attempt to collect that judgment, and hence the claim is made that they should be charged with the amount thereof. Assuming that the judgment was enforceable against the estate of the mortgagor, it is a sufficient answer to this claim that there was no proof that the judgment was collectible, or worth anything, inasmuch as the mortgagor died insolvent. There was, therefore, no basis for making any charge on account thereof against the exedutors.
The Bronx Company were the brokers and financial^ agents of Mrs. Bolton, and the executors claimed credit upon their accounting for divers sums of money paid for her in her lifetime, and the contestants objected to the allowance of many of these items. The answer to these objections is that there was evidence quite satisfactory that all these payments were made at the request of Mrs. Bolton.
What we have thus far said covers the principal points made by the appellants upon this appeal, and a'careful examination of the whole case brings us to the conclusion that there was no legal errors committed by the surrogate, to the prejudice of the appellants, and that the judgment must be affirmed, with costs.
All concur, except Bartlett, J.: not sitting.
Judgment affirmed.