In re S.W.

2022 IL App (2d) 220157-U
No. 2-22-0157
Order filed October 31, 2022

NOTICE: This order was filed under Supreme Court Rule 23(b) and is not precedent
except in the limited circumstances allowed under Rule 23(e)(l).
______________________________________________________________________________

IN THE

APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS

SECOND DISTRICT
______________________________________________________________________________

In re S.W., a Minor ) Appeal from the Circuit Court
) of Kane County.
)
)
) No. 20-JA-55
)
(The People of the State of Illinois, ) Honorable
Petitioner-Appellee, v. S.S., ) Kathryn Karayannis,
Respondent-Appellant). ) Judge, Presiding.
______________________________________________________________________________

JUSTICE HUDSON delivered the judgment of the court.
Justices McLaren and Jorgensen concurred in the judgment.

ORDER

¶1 Held: We grant appellate counsel’s motion to withdraw and affirm the trial court’s
judgment terminating respondent’s parental rights, concluding there exist no issues
of arguable merit to be raised on appeal.

¶2 Respondent, S.S., appeals from the trial court’s order finding her unfit to parent her son,

S.W., and terminating her parental rights. Her appellate counsel has moved to withdraw under

Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738 (1967), stating that he has read the record and concluded there

exist no issues of arguable merit to be raised on appeal. See In re S.M., 314 Ill. App. 3d 682, 685

(2000) (holding Anders applies to cases involving termination of parental rights). Counsel has

supported his motion with a memorandum of law providing a statement of facts, potential issues,
2022 IL App (2d) 220157-U

and argument as to why those issues lack arguable merit. Counsel served respondent with a copy

of the motion and memorandum. We advised respondent that she had 30 days to respond to

counsel’s motion. That time has passed, and no response was filed. We conclude that this appeal

lacks arguable merit based on the reasons set forth in counsel’s memorandum. Therefore, we grant

counsel’s motion and affirm the trial court’s judgment.

¶3 We note that this appeal was accelerated under Illinois Supreme Court Rule 311(a) (eff.

July 1, 2018). Pursuant to that rule, the appellate court must, except for good cause shown, issue

its decision in an accelerated case within 150 days of the filing of the notice of appeal. Ill. S. Ct.

R. 311(a)(5) (eff. July 1, 2018). Here, respondent filed her notice of appeal on May 11, 2022, and

her amended notice of appeal on May 18, 2022. On July 6, 2022, respondent filed a motion seeking

(1) a limited remand so respondent could surrender her parental rights and consent to the adoption

and (2) to withdraw the appeal. On July 25, 2022, this court denied the motion for limited remand

and denied, without prejudice, the motion to withdraw the appeal. Respondent’s counsel was

ordered to file a motion to withdraw as counsel in accordance with Anders within 35 days. Counsel

filed his motion to withdraw on August 29, 2022; respondent was given until October 3, 2022, to

respond (7 days before the 150-day period expired). Due to these circumstances, we find good

cause for this decision to be issued after the time frame mandated by Rule 311 (a).

¶4 I. BACKGROUND

¶5 Respondent is the mother of S.W., who was born on October 9, 2015, and S.R., who was

born on October 31, 2009. T.W. is S.W.’s putative father and resides in Nevada. On April 27,

2020, the State filed a petition for adjudication of neglect on behalf of four-year-old S.W.1 The

1
A separate neglect petition was filed on behalf of S.R. and is subject to a separate appeal

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State alleged that S.W. was a neglected minor and his environment was injurious to his welfare,

thereby placing him at risk of harm because respondent: failed to adequately supervise him; failed

to make an adequate care plan for him; left S.W. at home unattended for an unreasonable period

of time without regard for his mental or physical health, safety, or welfare; and had substance-

abuse issues and/or history. See 705 ILCS 405/2-3(1)(b), (d) (West 2020).

¶6 A shelter-care hearing was held the same day via Zoom. Both respondent and S.W.’s father

waived their rights to be heard and agreed that there was probable cause of neglect, that there was

an urgent and immediate necessity to remove the minor from the home, and that reasonable efforts

had been made by the Department of Children and Family Services (DCFS) to prevent removal.

DCFS was granted temporary guardianship and custody. Both parents were admonished that they

must cooperate with DCFS and the terms of any service plans to correct the conditions that resulted

in S.W.’s removal.

¶7 The State offered the following factual basis for the petition at the shelter-care hearing. On

March 19, 2020, the police were called to respondent’s home for a welfare check based on a report

that four-year-old S.W. was at home with no supervision. The officers found S.W. alone in the

home. While the officers were on scene, respondent returned home and informed them that she

left S.W. home alone because she wanted to go smoke marijuana. Respondent could not tell the

officers how long she had been gone or where she went. The officers noticed a strong odor of

marijuana emanating from respondent. This incident prompted DCFS to open an investigation,

(In re S.R., 2022 IL App (2d) 220156-U). Neither of the putative fathers is a party on appeal.

Therefore, the proceedings with respect to them will be discussed in this decision only when

pertinent to the issues at hand.

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which was the twelfth investigation regarding respondent. DCFS implemented a safety plan which

provided that both of respondent’s children would stay with their maternal grandparents and

respondent would participate in substance-abuse services, undergo a mental-health assessment,

and comply with all recommended services. Thereafter, respondent missed two scheduled

substance-abuse assessments and failed to participate in a mental-health assessment. On April 24,

2020, DCFS took protective custody of the minors due to respondent’s noncompliance.

Respondent signed a short-term guardianship agreement which gave the maternal grandparents

guardianship over the minors. This was later rescinded immediately prior to the shelter-care

hearing.

¶8 An adjudicatory hearing was held via Zoom over several dates: July 21, September 8,

September 22, and October 6, 2020 (the continuances are attributable to coordinating DNA testing

in this case and service of notice and DNA testing in S.R.’s case). Respondent stipulated to the

allegations in the petition that S.W. was neglected and his environment was injurious because of

respondent’s substance-abuse issues and/or history placing him at risk of harm. S.W.’s father

stipulated to all the allegations in the petition. Tina McCullough testified at the hearing. She is a

child-protection specialist with DCFS and was initially assigned to investigate S.W.’s case. She

stated that respondent admitted that she left S.W. at home alone in March 2020 so she could go

smoke marijuana. She stated that S.W.’s putative father lives in Nevada and has not been involved

in S.W.’s life. S.W. was adjudicated neglected, and the court admonished respondent to cooperate

with DCFS, participate in all required services, and make reasonable efforts and reasonable

progress to correct the conditions that lead to S.W.’s removal. S.W. was to remain in temporary

custody of DCFS. His placement continued to be with his maternal grandparents.

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¶9 A dispositional hearing took place on November 16, 2020. Respondent’s counsel

appeared, but respondent did not. The court reviewed a report prepared by the Court Appointed

Special Advocate (CASA), the service plan, the dispositional hearing report, and respondent’s

integrated assessment. The court noted that respondent’s integrated assessment was completed on

June 16, 2020, and the following services were recommended: a psychiatric evaluation, substance-

abuse evaluation, random drug tests, and individual and family therapy. She was also required to

find stable housing and participate in consistent visitation with the minors. The court found that

respondent was not cooperating with the agency and not participating in services. As such,

respondent was found unfit, unwilling, or unable to properly protect, train, or discipline S.W. S.W.

was made a ward of the court. The goal set was for return home within 12 months. Respondent

was admonished, in her absence, to cooperate with DCFS, complete all required services, and

correct the condition that brought S.W. into custody, or she would risk having her parental rights

terminated.

¶ 10 The first permanency review hearing was held on April 20, 2021. Respondent attempted to

appear via Zoom, but she was disconnected and did not reconnect. The case proceeded in her

absence. The court noted that the parents had done “very little, if anything” regarding services.

Respondent had informed her attorney that she scheduled a mental-health assessment and

contacted the Renz Center, which is the substance-abuse program at the Ecker Center for

Behavioral Health (Ecker Center). Based on the reports, the court found that DCFS had made

reasonable efforts to provide services, but respondent had not made reasonable efforts or progress

towards the goal of returning S.W. home. The trial court changed the goal to return home pending

status hearing (705 ILCS 405/2-28(B-1) (West 2020)), and respondent was admonished that she

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must “get going on the compliance with the agencies” to correct the conditions that brought S.W.

into foster care.

¶ 11 Another permanency review hearing was held on July 27, 2021. Respondent appeared.

The court reviewed a CASA report, a DCFS report, and a client service plan from July 20, 2021.

Referring to the DCFS report, the court found that respondent had not engaged in any services.

She had not engaged in substance-abuse services. Respondent did not sign consents for release of

mental-health records so her caseworker could verify respondent’s assertion that she contacted

Ecker Center. Respondent was asked to complete random drug tests, but she would not give the

caseworker her address to facilitate scheduling and notification. One drug test was scheduled in

July, but respondent failed to appear. Respondent stated that she was employed but provided no

documentation in support. After reviewing the reports and determining that DCFS had made

reasonable efforts at offering services and making those services available to respondent, the court

ruled that respondent had not made reasonable efforts or progress towards reunification Finding

the prognosis for reunification poor, the trial court changed the goal to substitute care pending

termination of parental rights.

¶ 12 On August 18, 2021, the State filed a petition for termination of parental rights and for

power to consent to adoption alleging that respondent was unfit because she: (1) failed to maintain

a reasonable degree of interest, concern or responsibility as to S.W.’s welfare (750 ILCS

50/1(D)(b) (West 2020)); (2) failed to protect S.W. from conditions within his environment that

were injurious to his welfare (750 ILCS 50/1(D)(g) (West 2020)); (3) failed to make reasonable

efforts to correct the conditions which were the basis for S.W.’s removal from her care or to make

reasonable progress toward S.W.’s return to her care during a nine-month period from November

17, 2020, through August 17, 2021, after he was adjudicated a neglected minor under section 2-4

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of the Juvenile Court Act (750 ILCS 50/1(D)(m) (West 2020)); and (4) had abandoned S.W. (750

ILCS 50/1(D)(a) (West 2020)).

¶ 13 On December 9, 2021, respondent’s appointed counsel filed a motion to withdraw.

Counsel stated that respondent had not appeared in court since July 27, 2021. Further, counsel had

no contact with respondent since that date. Counsel’s motion to withdraw was granted, and

respondent was given 21 days to retain a new attorney or file her pro se appearance.

¶ 14 On January 5, 2022, the case was set for hearing on the State’s petition to terminate

respondent’s parental rights. Respondent appeared via Zoom and stated that she was currently

residing at the Community Crisis Center (Crisis Center) in Elgin. The public defender was

reappointed to represent her and made an oral motion to continue the hearing on the petition. The

motion was granted over CASA’s objection. Respondent was admonished that she must cooperate

with her attorney and appear in court when required. The court stated that if respondent is unable

to make arrangements to successfully connect to the proceedings remotely, she should appear in

person.

¶ 15 On January 27, 2022, a permanency review hearing was held. The court reviewed a CASA

report, a DCFS report, a service plan from October 2021, and a counseling report from Braden

Center. Respondent asked that the goal be changed back to return home, noting that she had started

therapy, was employed, and was seeking stable housing. The court agreed with the State and

CASA that the goal should remain substitute care pending termination of parental rights. The

court noted that S.W. had been in protective custody for nearly two years and deserved

permanency. Further, the court noted that although respondent had begun individual counseling

in October 2021, she had not completed a psychiatric evaluation, participated in any family

therapy, or started parenting education. Respondent was not regularly visiting with S.W. The

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caseworker had been unable to observe any visits because respondent had not appeared for

scheduled supervised visits. As of the October 2021 service plan, respondent had not completed a

substance-abuse evaluation and appeared for only one of three scheduled random drug tests, testing

positive for marijuana. She missed four additional drug tests, is currently unemployed, and is living

at the Crisis Center and sometimes staying with friends.

¶ 16 Respondent was allowed to make a statement. She stated that she started services in July,

but there were numerous delays due to COVID-19 restrictions. She explained that it was difficult

for her to make it to the appointments because of her job and lack of transportation. As a result,

she had lost her job and ended up getting sick. She acknowledged that she did not have a place to

live, but later said she recently found an apartment and a job. She expressed that she felt she was

not getting the help she needed from DCFS, that when she asked for help, she was told they could

not help her due to COVID-19, and that she had to do everything on her own.

¶ 17 The court found respondent had made some efforts, but those efforts were not reasonable

or substantial. The case was set for hearing on the State’s petition.

¶ 18 The hearing on the petition to terminate respondent’s parental rights convened on February

22, 2022. The trial judge stated that he was informed that respondent wished to voluntarily consent

to S.W.’s adoption by his maternal grandparents. Respondent affirmed that she had signed the

consent forms and she wished to consent to the adoption. However, while being questioned about

giving consent, respondent gave equivocal answers about whether she read the documents

thoroughly before signing. When asked if she wanted to proceed to trial, she answered “I want

my kids. I agree for my mother to adopt my children. I don’t know. Seriously.” She also said “I

know my rights is [sic] technically are going to get revoked today” and “I want my mom to adopt

my kids because I don’t know the outcome.” After further discussion with the judge, respondent

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indicated that she did not understand exactly what was happening, but she stated that she wanted

to protect her children and fight for them. The judge concluded that the case would proceed to a

trial on the petition. Thereafter, respondent objected and repeatedly stated that she wanted her

mother to adopt her children. The judge again asked respondent whether she wanted to consent to

the adoption or to go to trial. Respondent replied, “Can I pick both?” Based upon this exchange,

the judge ruled that she did not accept the signed consent and the matter would proceed to trial.

¶ 19 The trial court commenced the unfitness phase of the proceedings to terminate respondent’s

parental rights. This hearing took place over the following dates: February 22, March 4, and April

8, 2022.

¶ 20 Kayla Milakis, a caseworker with Youth Services Bureau of Illinois Valley (YSB),

testified. She was assigned to S.W.’s case from May 2020 until November 2021. She testified as

to the services detailed in respondent’s integrated assessment. Milakis testified that respondent

had completed a mental-health assessment at Braden Center and started individual counseling, but

she had otherwise failed to complete any other recommended services. Milakis stated that

respondent was often not cooperative and communication with her was very inconsistent.

Respondent frequently did not answer her phone and did not return phone calls. Respondent also

did not sign the consents she was asked to sign. Milakis testified that at the beginning of this case,

respondent was living in a three-bedroom apartment near the grandparents, but she later learned

that respondent was evicted and moved to Chicago. Milakis said that she did not hear from

respondent between October 2020 (when she observed a visit between respondent and her

children) and January or February of 2021 (when respondent told her she was having difficulties

with housing and had moved to Chicago). Regarding visitation, Milakis testified that respondent’s

visitation with S.W. and S.R. was inconsistent. After moving to Chicago, she would return

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“randomly” to see S.W. Respondent reportedly spoke with the children on the phone weekly, and

she would stop in and see them once a month. Milakis stated that respondent was not in their

everyday lives. Milakis testified that respondent did not comply with random drug testing. Milakis

opined that respondent’s parental rights should be terminated because of how long the case has

been open and her lack of progress or efforts in the required services.

¶ 21 When counsel for CASA questioned Milakis, she testified that respondent’s integrated

assessment revealed that respondent had previously been diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder

and that she also has issues with anxiety and depression. Milakis stated that two administrative

case reviews were held regarding the children, but respondent failed to participate in either review.

In January 2021, respondent contacted Milakis to inform her that she was living in Chicago, but

she refused to give Milakis her address “due to respect to whoever she was staying with.” Milakis

testified that she sent referrals and information about service providers to respondent, including

efforts to refer her for services at the University of Illinois Chicago (UIC) while she was living in

Chicago. Respondent was referred for a psychiatric assessment, but she did not make any

arrangements to complete it. She never provided Milakis with proof of employment. Milakis

testified that when respondent was living in Chicago, the agency offered to facilitate visitation by

bringing the children to Chicago to visit her, but respondent did not respond to this offer of

assistance.

¶ 22 On cross-examination by respondent’s attorney, Milakis testified that throughout the case,

respondent reported to YSB that she was engaged in services at Ecker Center. However,

respondent never signed any consents for the release of her records, and Milakis could not verify

that respondent engaged in any therapy or even called Ecker Center without signed consents. After

learning that respondent had moved to Chicago in January 2021, Milakis also learned respondent

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had not actually completed any services at Ecker Center. Milakis explained that she found out that

respondent had previously contacted the Ecker Center, but during her intake interview respondent

revealed that she had lost her job and was unable to pay for services based on their sliding scale.

At this point, because respondent had moved to Chicago, Milakis made efforts to arrange services

for respondent at UIC. Respondent was given information about the UIC program and reported

that she would follow up, but she never did. Milakis did not make further inquiries with UIC

because she subsequently learned respondent had already moved back to Carpentersville. Milakis

learned that around June 2021, respondent contact the Ecker Center again, but respondent was still

unable to pay for services on their sliding scale. Milakis referred respondent to Braden Center

where respondent was put on a waiting list. Respondent’s referral to Braden Center was accepted

in August 2021 for her to commence services. By this time, the goal in this case had already been

changed to substitute care pending termination of parental rights. Milakis stated that sometime

thereafter respondent contacted Braden Center, completed a mental-health assessment, and started

individual counseling. However, to her knowledge, respondent had not completed a substance-

abuse assessment or any substance-abuse treatment and had not complied with random drug

testing.

¶ 23 Regarding visitation, Milakis stated that initially, respondent had biweekly in-person

visitation during COVID-19 restrictions. In April 2021, the schedule was set for weekly visitation,

but because the children were placed with their grandparents, respondent was allowed to visit any

time. Milakis testified that during her home visits with S.W. and S.R., the children informed her

that they “barely talk” to respondent and that they spoke with her on the phone, but she did not

spend much time with them. When asked whether there was any agency supervision of visits after

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April 2021, she stated no because respondent was not regularly visiting with the children during

that time.

¶ 24 Mark Harvey of YSB was called to testify. He is the foster-care caseworker who was

assigned to take over S.W.’s case in October 2021. He first spoke with respondent in December

2021, when respondent expressed her frustration that no one was helping her access the required

services. At this time, Harvey stated that he contacted Braden Center to confirm everything was

set for respondent to continue individual counseling, which had commenced in October 2021.

Harvey testified that he asked for a counseling report from Braden Center on the day of the hearing

and was informed by respondent’s counselor that respondent had not attended the last three

scheduled sessions. Harvey scheduled three random drug tests for respondent, two in December

2021 and one in January 2022. Respondent appeared for one test in December, and she was

negative for all substances. She did not appear for the other two tests. Harvey stated that

respondent had not completed any other services. Regarding visitation, the grandparents informed

Harvey that respondent stops by regularly and visits, but Harvey testified that he had only observed

one visit.

¶ 25 When questioned by counsel for CASA, Harvey confirmed that when he became S.W.’s

caseworker in October 2021, the goal in this case had already changed to substitute care pending

termination of parental rights. He stated that respondent was referred to parenting classes in June

or July 2021, but she never started. Respondent reached out in the February 2022 to see if she

could begin parenting classes, but her referral had expired.

¶ 26 The State asked the court to take judicial notice of, inter alia, the shelter-care, adjudicatory,

and dispositional orders in this case. The State moved for admission into evidence a number of

documents, including the integrated assessments, several service plans, and several YSB reports.

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¶ 27 Counsel for CASA called Leti Cruz to testify. Cruz was assigned as the advocate

supervisor on S.W.’s case in December 2021. Cruz stated that according to the grandmother,

respondent stops by daily to see the children. She testified regarding a home visit she made on

December 30, 2021. She observed a verbal altercation between respondent and the grandmother,

explaining that respondent was upset and blamed the grandmother for getting DCFS involved in

her life. During this altercation, respondent walked out of the home and the grandmother locked

the door behind her. Respondent then hit the side of the home with a closed fist and knocked on

the door. Cruz stated that S.W. and two other children were upstairs during the confrontation, and

she believed their voices were loud enough that the children could have heard it.

¶ 28 Respondent testified on her own behalf. She stated that she did not have a good relationship

with McCullough, the first social worker assigned to her case. She explained that McCullough

would not return her calls or give her complete information when respondent talked to her.

Respondent stated that she called Ecker Center on her own around April 2020 seeking to arrange

the services she needed and there was some confusion regarding insurance, referrals, and as to

whether she was seeking services on her own or pursuant to a pending legal proceeding. She stated

that COVID-19 created difficulties in obtaining services because there were limited appointments

and waiting lists. She testified that there was a 10- to 12-week waiting period to see a therapist,

but she did finally start seeing a therapist at Ecker Center. However, she also testified that she did

not begin seeing a therapist there before she moved to Chicago. She asserted that during this time

she was in communication with Milakis, and she acknowledged that there was some confusion

about where she was supposed to be going for services, Ecker Center or Braden Center.

¶ 29 Respondent testified that after being evicted in January 2021, she lived in Chicago, staying

in three or four different hotels and with several different relatives. She also stated that she moved

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to Chicago because she did not want to go back to a shelter and had nowhere else to go. She

contended that her caseworkers would not help her find housing after she was evicted. However,

she also acknowledged that she informed her caseworker that she decided to stay in Chicago to be

closer to family. Respondent returned to Carpentersville in August or September 2021. When

asked if she kept in contact with her caseworker during her time in Chicago, she said she spoke

with her several times. Respondent acknowledged that Milakis arranged services for her at UIC,

but respondent stated she never followed up. When she moved back to Carpentersville, she stayed

with friends and then moved to the Crisis Center. She testified that she had several temporary jobs

during this time, but she was unemployed as of November 2021.

¶ 30 When asked about visitation, respondent explained that she tried to see her children as often

as possible. While living in Chicago, she said she did her best to visit her children, either by

talking on the phone or finding transportation to go see them. She testified that she has issues with

her mother taking care of her children because she never had a healthy relationship with her mother

and her mother does not like being around her. When asked whether she has ever sought to arrange

visitation and been denied, she said no.

¶ 31 Respondent testified that she began counseling in October 2021. She said that she

participated in parenting classes via telephone on Saturdays, when asked further, she admitted that

she attended only once “because it was hard to get through the lines.” She also stated that she

requested referrals for a substance-abuse assessment and treatment but never received one. She

then testified that she did a substance-abuse assessment, and no counseling was recommended.

She later stated that she would see a counselor from Braden Center every month as a part of a

substance-abuse treatment program. Respondent testified that she completed “a lot” of random

drug tests, stating it was more than seven, and she tested positive on “three to four” of them. She

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explained to her caseworker that the reason she had positive tests was “I had deaths in the family,

depression, my thyroid.” Respondent asserted that she only missed one or two drug tests and it

was because she got off work late. Respondent testified that she wants to continue to work on the

services necessary to have the children returned to her.

¶ 32 Counsel for CASA asked respondent about the incident leading to the removal of her

children. Respondent acknowledged that she left S.W. home alone, but she denied that it was

because she wanted to smoke marijuana. She denied another incident in 2018 when she purportedly

left both of her children home alone. Respondent disputed testimony that McCullough provided

referrals or information for respondent to obtain substance-abuse and mental-health services at

Ecker Center. Respondent said she went to Ecker Center in April 2020 (during the COVID-19

lockdown) and a receptionist there told her there were no referrals. She later acknowledged

McCullough told her about an appointment scheduled for April 27, 2020, at Ecker Center.

Respondent told McCullough that her neighbor would take her to the appointment, but she did not

go because her neighbor backed out. Respondent admitted that she was upset about having to

complete services because she had already completed these services in Chicago before this

investigation was opened. She explained there was a previous DCFS case in Chicago as a result

of “a lot of false calls being made.” She stated that she completed parenting classes and had a

psychiatric evaluation and worked with a “peer counselor” who helped her engage in services. In

June 2021, respondent went to Ecker Center for a second intake interview. She admitted that she

never engaged in substance-abuse services at Ecker Center. Instead, she stated that she began

substance-abuse services at Braden Center in October 2021.

¶ 33 When questioned about random drug tests again, respondent stated that she completed all

of the drug tests she was asked to do between May 2020 and October 2021. She asserted there

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were three or four tests and all of the results were negative. She then acknowledged that one was

positive, and she admitted to using marijuana and knowing the result would be positive. She told

Milakis that she used marijuana to “self-medicate” and she told her previous caseworker,

McCullough, “that after being diagnosed with thyroid that I started smoking Marijuana a lot

because I was told by my endocrinologist that that was a way to decrease the inflammation in my

thyroid gland.” She acknowledged that at the time of her integrated assessment, she reported that

she smoked marijuana about four times per week. She admitted that she continues to smoke

marijuana twice a week. Respondent acknowledged that she was unable to obtain a medical

marijuana card. Respondent testified that she was currently staying with a friend where she sleeps

in the living room. She also has been using the services of the Crisis Center since October 2021.

¶ 34 The court heard closing arguments on April 19, 2022, and issued its ruling as to the fitness

phase of the proceedings three days later. The court found the State proved, by clear and

convincing evidence, that respondent was unfit because she failed to: maintain a reasonable degree

of interest, concern or responsibility as to S.W.’s welfare (750 ILCS 50/1(D)(b) (West 2020));

protect S.W. from conditions within his environment that were injurious to his welfare (750 ILCS

5/1(D)(g) (West 2020)); and make reasonable efforts to correct the conditions which were the basis

for S.W.’s removal from her care or to make reasonable progress toward S.W.’s return to her care

during a nine-month period from November 17, 2020, through August 17, 2021, after he was

adjudicated a neglected minor (750 ILCS 50/1(D)(m) (West 2020)). The court found that the State

had not proven the allegations that respondent had abandoned S.W (750 ILCS 50/1(D)(a) (West

2020)). The trial judge stated that respondent’s testimony was “largely not credible, was also very

disjointed and, frankly, rather confusing in relation to timeframes that she was trying to give in

relation to when she was allegedly receiving services at different locations.” The judge found the

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testimony of the DCFS and YSB employees to be credible, specifically noting that Milakis stated

that respondent did not ask her about services until April 2021. The court described in great detail

respondent’s lack of interest and concern in this case, including, failing to cooperate and

communicate with her caseworkers, failing to complete any services, failing to appear at numerous

court hearings, failing to comply with random drug testing, and failing to engage in consistent

visitation with the children.

¶ 35 The case proceeded to the best-interest phase of the termination proceedings. The State

called Harvey, the YSB caseworker assigned to S.W.’s case since October 2021. He testified that

S.W. is currently six years old and in the care of his maternal grandparents. They live in a single-

family home in Elgin. His 12-year-old sister, S.R., and his 20-year-old cousin live there as well.

He described S.W.’s foster family as a typical loving family. He testified that S.W. is doing well.

Though he is sad about the situation and loves his mother, he has adjusted to living with his

grandparents. The grandparents are willing to adopt the children and provide for their needs. The

best-interest report prepared by CASA was admitted into evidence.

¶ 36 Respondent testified on her own behalf. When asked if she believed it was in the best

interests of her children to live with their grandparents, respondent replied “I don’t know—I

don’t—I agree with it and I disagree with it.” She testified that the grandmother allows S.R. to

talk to respondent in a disrespectful way. She also expressed concern that the children were not

being treated equally. She explained that she is the youngest of 13 siblings and felt mistreated,

neglected, bullied, and like she could never get her mother’s approval. She described difficulties

growing up in a home with so many siblings. She testified that she felt that the best interests of

her children would be to live with her. She explained, “Besides waking up every day and having

a chance to redeem myself, that is the only—that’s the only place I got love from.” She stated that

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she found an apartment and is “working towards the classes” to try to regain custody of her

children. She said that she wanted her children to be with her parents because she would at least

have the opportunity to see them, but she did not trust her parents to have her children because of

the way her mother allows them to disrespect her.

¶ 37 After consideration of the statutory best-interests factors, the court found that it was in

S.W.’s best interests that respondent’s parental rights be terminated and that DCFS be given

authority to consent to his adoption by his maternal grandparents. Referring to the CASA report,

the court noted that the children have lived with their grandparents for two years and they are in a

home where they are well cared for and loved. The children do well in school. Their grandparents

are engaged with the children, taking them to church activities and the park. The grandparents and

the children share the same cultural and religious background and maintain a strong connection

with extended family. They host family barbeques and facilitate interaction with cousins,

including sleepovers when there is no school. Though S.W. misses his mother, the children appear

happy to be living with their grandparents. Respondent continues to have contact with the children,

and the court hoped that would continue as long as it is in the children’s best interests. All of the

children’s needs are being met by the grandparents who are willing and able to adopt. The court’s

decision was issued in a written order on April 19, 2022. This appeal followed. The trial court

appointed counsel to represent respondent on appeal. As previously noted, appellate counsel has

to file a motion to withdraw in accordance with Anders, 386 U.S. 738.

¶ 38 II. ANALYSIS

¶ 39 Appellate counsel identifies the following potential challenges to the unfitness finding in

his motion to withdraw pursuant to Anders—a contention that the trial court may have considered

evidence outside of the relevant nine-month time period when finding respondent unfit for failing

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to make reasonable efforts to correct the conditions which were the basis of S.W.’s removal; a

challenge to the finding that respondent failed to make reasonable efforts to correct the conditions

which were the basis for S.W.’s removal; and a challenge to the finding that she failed to maintain

a reasonable degree of interest, concern, or responsibility as to S.W.’s welfare.

¶ 40 The Juvenile Court Act (705 ILCS 405/1-1 et seq. (West 2020)) sets forth a two-stage

process for the involuntary termination of parental rights. In re Keyon R., 2017 IL App (2d)

160657, ¶ 16. Initially, the State has the burden of proving by clear and convincing evidence that

the parent is unfit under any single ground set forth in section 1(D) of the Adoption Act (750 ILCS

50/1(D) (West 2020)). See 705 ILCS 405/2-29(2), (4) (West 2020); In re J.L., 236 Ill. 2d 329, 337

(2010). If the trial court finds the parent unfit, the State must then show by a preponderance of the

evidence that termination of parental rights is in the child’s best interests. See 705 ILCS 405/2-

29(2) (West 2020); In re D.T., 212 Ill. 2d 347, 367 (2004). On appeal, this court will not disturb

a trial court’s finding as to parental unfitness or a child’s best interests unless it is against the

manifest weight of the evidence. In re N.B., 2019 IL App (2d) 180797, ¶¶ 30, 43. A decision is

against the manifest weight of the evidence “only if the opposite conclusion is clearly apparent or

the decision is unreasonable, arbitrary, or not based on the evidence.” Keyon R., 2017 IL App (2d)

160657, ¶ 16.

¶ 41 Furthermore, it is well settled that “[W]hen parental rights are terminated based upon clear

and convincing evidence of a single ground of unfitness, the reviewing court need not consider

additional grounds for unfitness cited by the trial court.” In re Tiffany M., 353 Ill. App. 3d 883,

891 (2004) (citing In re D.D., 196 Ill. 2d 405, 433 (2001)). Hence, if we affirm the trial court’s

decision on one ground, we need not consider the court’s decision on the other grounds. After

careful review, we agree that there would be no arguable merit to a challenge to the court’s finding

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of unfitness because, at a minimum, the court’s finding that respondent failed to make reasonable

progress toward reunification during the designated nine-month period is not contrary to the

manifest weight of the evidence.

¶ 42 The question of reasonable progress is an objective one, which requires the trial court to

consider whether a parent’s actions during a given nine-month period would support the court’s

decision to return the child home in the near future. In re Phoenix F., 2016 IL App (2d) 150431,

¶ 7. The court will consider the parent’s compliance with the service plans and the court’s

directives. In re C.N., 196 Ill. 2d 181, 216-17 (2001). For there to be reasonable progress, there

must be, at a minimum, some measurable or demonstrable movement toward the goal of

reunification. In re J.O., 2021 IL App (3d) 210248, ¶57.

¶ 43 The record shows that respondent made no measurable movement toward the goal of

reunification between November 17, 2020, and August 17, 2021, due to her own persistent lack of

cooperation and follow-up with YSB. After her integrated assessment in June 2020, respondent

was recommended to receive mental-health and substance-abuse assessments and follow through

with all recommended services. She was also recommended to complete a parenting program and

participate in random drug tests. She was also required to find stable housing and participate in

consistent visitation with her children. At the first permanency review hearing on April 20, 2021,

the court found that respondent had done “very little, if anything” regarding services.

Unfortunately, this remained the status of her efforts and progress throughout the relevant nine-

month timeframe.

¶ 44 Milakis was the social worker assigned to this case during the relevant time period. She

testified that respondent was often not cooperative and communication with her was very

inconsistent. Respondent would often not answer her phone or return calls. In fact, Milakis did

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not hear from respondent between October 2020 (when she saw her at a supervised visit with the

children) and January or February 2021 (when respondent informed Milakis that she had moved

to Chicago). After being evicted from her apartment in Carpentersville, respondent moved to

Chicago in January 2021, where she stayed in various hotels and with several different family

members. Respondent refused to provide her address in Chicago to Milakis. At this time, Milakis

also learned that respondent had not actually completed any services at Ecker Center, despite

respondent’s claims to the contrary. Upon learning this, Milakis made efforts to arrange services

for respondent in Chicago at UIC. Respondent told Milakis that she would follow up at UIC, but

she never did. When Milakis learned that respondent moved back to Carpentersville in the spring

of 2021, Milakis made another referral for respondent to begin services at Braden Center which

was ultimately approved in August 2021.

¶ 45 Furthermore, respondent did not complete a substance-abuse assessment or otherwise

engage in substance-abuse services. She was required to comply with random drug tests, but

Milakis stated that respondent would not provide her address when she lived in Chicago so Milakis

could make those arrangements and provide proper notice. Respondent admitted to failing

numerous drug tests and acknowledged that she continued to smoke marijuana multiple times a

week. Milakis encouraged respondent to obtain a medical marijuana card if her use of the

substance was for medical purposes as she claimed, but respondent failed to do so.

¶ 46 Respondent’s efforts regarding visitation further demonstrate no measurable movement

toward the goal of reunification. Because the children were in the care of their maternal

grandparents, respondent could see them whenever she wished. However, after she decided to

move to Chicago, visitation became very inconsistent. Respondent would speak to the children on

the phone weekly and stop by to see them once a month. Not wanting lack of transportation to be

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an impediment to visitation, Milakis testified that YSB offered to take the children to Chicago to

see respondent, but she did not accept this assistance. During home visits, the children informed

Milakis that they “barely talk” to respondent and respondent did not spend much time with them.

Milakis testified that because visitation was inconsistent, no supervised visits occurred during

approximately the last five months of the relevant time period (after April 2021) to enable YSB to

observe respondent with the children.

¶ 47 The record reveals that respondent had many opportunities to engage in services to make

progress towards reunification and to demonstrate a desire to reunite with S.W. by cooperating

with YSB, engaging in services, and consistently participating in visitation. However, she failed

to do so at every turn. Therefore, we conclude that the trial court’s finding of unfitness due to

respondent’s failure to make reasonable progress towards the goal of reunification was not contrary

to the manifest weight of the evidence; as such, there is no arguable merit to a challenge to this

finding. Because any one ground for unfitness, properly proved, is sufficient to affirm (In re Janine

M.A., 342 Ill. App. 3d 1041, 1049 (2003)), we need not address appellate counsel’s other potential

issues regarding the unfitness finding.

¶ 48 Finally, we note that appellate counsel stated in his memorandum in support of his motion

to withdraw that he considered the trial court’s decision that it was in S.W.’s best interests that

respondent’s parental rights be terminated; however, he concluded that he could not make a good-

faith argument that this decision was against the manifest weight of the evidence. After reviewing

the record, we agree. As such, the trial court’s decision to terminate respondent’s parental rights

is affirmed.

¶ 49 III. CONCLUSION

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¶ 50 After examining the record, the motion to withdraw, and the supporting memorandum of

law, we agree with appellate counsel that respondent’s appeal presents no issues of arguable merit.

Thus, we grant the motion to withdraw and affirm the judgment of the circuit court of Kane

County.

¶ 51 Affirmed.

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