United States v. Rodriguez

MEMORANDUM**

Rodriguez argues that the Leon “good faith” exception does not apply in this case because the affidavit was “so deficient that any official belief in the existence of probable cause must be considered unreasonable.”1 We review de novo Rodriguez’s challenge to the district court’s application of the Leon objective “good faith” exception.2

Leon held that a facially-valid search warrant later determined to lack probable cause does not preclude the admission of evidence obtained pursuant to the search warrant, provided “the officer’s reliance on the magistrate’s probable-cause determination and on the technical sufficiency of the warrant he issues [is] objectively reasonable.”3 Rodriguez argues that the affidavit, like the affidavit in United States v. Hove, was “so lacking in indicia of probable cause as to render official belief in its existence entirely unreasonable.”4 The affidavit in Hove did not connect the defendant or any criminal activity with the residence to be searched, and thus “offer[ed] no hint as to why the police wanted to search [the] residence.”5 Here, the affidavit in support of the search warrant, a 56-page document describing the activities of a suspected drug-trafficking operation run by three brothers and their connection to four specified locations, contained evidence linking the drug operation to Rodriguez’s residence. One of the brothers went to the residence, apparently in search of someone to help him complete a deal. Another brother provided the residence’s address as his return address when over $10,000 in cash was seized from him at an airport (the money was returned to that address). Some of the evidence pointing to the address was arguably stale or otherwise failed properly to establish probable cause to search Rodriguez’s residence, but the affidavit was not “so lacking in indicia of probable cause” as to preclude application of the Leon “good faith” exception in this case.

AFFIRMED.

** This disposition is not appropriate for publication and may not be cited to or by the courts of this circuit except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.

1 United States v. Hove, 848 F.2d 137, 139 (9th Cir.1988); United States v. Leon, 468 U.S. 897, 104 S.Ct. 3405, 82 L.Ed.2d 677 (1984).

2 United States v. Kurt, 986 F.2d 309, 311 (9th Cir. 1993).

3 Leon, 468 U.S. at 922.

4 Hove, 848 F.2d at 139 (internal quotation marks omitted) (quoting Leon, 468 U.S. at 923).

5 Id. at 139-40.