IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA
No. 21-1825
Filed November 17, 2022
IN THE MATTER OF S.P.,
ALLEGED TO BE SERIOUSLY MENTALLY IMPAIRED,
S.P.,
Respondent-Appellant.
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Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Johnson County, Paul D. Miller,
Judge.
S.P. appeals an order for involuntary hospitalization under Iowa Code
chapter 229 (2021). ORDER VACATED.
Janice B. Binder, Martelle, for appellant.
Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Gretchen Kraemer, Assistant
Attorney General, for appellee.
Considered by Vaitheswaran, P.J., and Greer and Schumacher, JJ.
2
VAITHESWARAN, Presiding Judge.
A mother had trouble managing her daily affairs, and her daughter was
appointed as her guardian. The court of appeals affirmed the appointment but
expanded a court-imposed requirement that the guardian seek judicial approval “of
any change in her ‘permanent residence to a nursing home, other secure facility, or
secure portion of a facility that restricts the protected person’s ability to leave or
have visitors.’” In re Guardianship of S.M.P., No. 20-0946, 2021 WL 5105869, at *3
(Iowa Ct. App. Nov. 3, 2021) (quoting Iowa Code § 633.635(3)(a) (2020)).
Meanwhile, the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics (UIHC) applied to
have the mother involuntarily hospitalized. The mother was served with notice of
the application. The mother’s guardian was not. A hospitalization referee ordered
the mother’s commitment on an inpatient basis, followed by an alternative
placement at another healthcare center. On appeal to the district court, the court
concluded the mother was “seriously mentally impaired” and required continued
treatment at the healthcare center. The mother appealed again, raising several
arguments for reversal. We find her service argument dispositive.
Iowa Rule of Civil Procedure 1.302 requires service of a notice to a
“defendant, respondent, or other party against whom an action has been filed.”
Iowa Rule of Civil Procedure 1.305(3), states service may be made “[u]pon any
person adjudged incompetent but not confined in a state hospital for the mentally
ill, by serving the conservator or guardian.”
The court of appeals addressed rule 1.305(3) in In re M.W., No. 15-2213,
2016 WL 5931189, at * 4–5 (Iowa Ct. App. Oct. 12, 2016), vacated on other grounds
by In re M.W., 894 N.W.2d 526 (Iowa 2017)). There, a ward involuntarily
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hospitalized at UIHC raised the failure to serve her guardian. M.W., 2016
WL 5931189, at *1–2. We found that, “[a]lthough the hospital had the contact
information” for the ward’s “legal guardian, neither the hospital nor the court notified
her of the proceedings.” Id. at *1. We determined the guardian “was entitled to
notice.” Id. at *5. Because she was not served and subsequent proceedings
suggested her appearance and participation might have made a difference, we
vacated the involuntary hospitalization order. See id. The State sought further
review. The supreme court dismissed the appeal on jurisdictional grounds without
reaching the notice issue. See M.W., 894 N.W.2d at 533. A dissent would have
reached the notice question and would have concluded the guardian was entitled
to notice. See id. at 534 (Appel, J., dissenting).
Citing the dissent, the mother argues “[t]here is no indication in the court
docket that the guardian was ever served in accordance with Iowa Rule of Civil
Procedure 1.305(3).” Although she did not raise the issue until this appeal, we “are
required to address the lack-of-notice issue” because it “goes to the heart of the
district court’s jurisdiction,” “[n]otice of the hearing and an opportunity to be heard
appropriate to the nature of the case is the most rudimentary demand of due
process of law,” and the absence of notice renders the judgment void and subject
to attack at any time. In re S.P., 672 N.W.2d 842, 845 (Iowa 2003).1
1 In Conklin v. Conklin, 132 N.W.2d 459, 461 (Iowa 1965), the supreme court stated
“a judgment rendered against an insane person in a proceeding where jurisdiction
is acquired by such service as would be valid but for defendant’s insanity is at most
voidable, not void.” But there, the guardian voluntarily appeared, and the
appearance was treated as an acknowledgment of service. See Conklin, 132
N.W.2d at 461. Here, in contrast, the guardian did not appear.
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UIHC listed the guardian’s name and phone number in its application for
involuntary hospitalization and defined her relationship as “daughter/legal
guardian.” Yet UIHC never served her.
The State addresses this omission by suggesting the guardian did not have
to be served because the mother was “confined in a state hospital for the mentally
ill.” See Iowa R. Civ. P. 1.305(3). The court of appeals was unpersuaded by the
same argument. See M.W., 2016 WL 5931189, at *4. We stated, “Regardless of
whether UIHC is a state hospital for the mentally ill, at the time the application for
involuntary hospitalization was filed, M.W. was not ‘confined’ at UIHC.” Id. We find
this logic persuasive.
The State also argues “there was neither evidence nor argument that the
guardian desired to attend or desired a continuance so she could attend.” But,
without notice, the guardian would not have known she could attend, and her desire
to attend or seek a continuance could not be assessed. Indeed, that was the crux
of the county attorney’s argument for going ahead with the district court hearing.
She stated, “because the guardian is not here right now and we can’t verify” the
representations made by the mother as to her views, I think we need to
proceed . . . with the appeal.”
We conclude the referee’s involuntary hospitalization order is void for lack of
service and must be vacated. See S.P., 672 N.W.2d at 848. But even if the order
is only voidable, we conclude the guardian “had a right to enter an appearance and
to protect the ward’s interest.” See Conklin, 132 N.W.2d at 461.
ORDER VACATED.
In re S.P.
Combined Opinion