If this opinion indicates that it is “FOR PUBLICATION,” it is subject to
revision until final publication in the Michigan Appeals Reports.
STATE OF MICHIGAN
COURT OF APPEALS
MEDICAL TEAM, INC., UNPUBLISHED
November 22, 2022
Plaintiff-Appellee,
v No. 345449
Washtenaw Circuit Court
AUTO-OWNERS INSURANCE COMPANY, LC No. 17-000394-NF
Defendant-Appellant.
ON REMAND
Before: BORRELLO, P.J., and JANSEN and SWARTZLE, JJ.
PER CURIAM.
This case, involving a claim for personal protection insurance (PIP) benefits under the no-
fault insurance act, MCL 500.3101 et seq., returns to this Court on remand from our Supreme
Court. In our prior opinion, we reversed the trial court’s order denying Auto-Owners’ motion for
summary disposition, and we held that plaintiff The Medical Team, Inc.’s (Provider) claim seeking
reimbursement for attendant care services provided to the injured insured was barred by res
judicata. Medical Team, Inc v Auto-Owners Insurance Co, unpublished per curiam opinion of the
Court of Appeals, issued February 25, 2020 (Docket No. 345449), pp 1, 7-8. Our Supreme Court
subsequently vacated this Court’s judgment and remanded for reconsideration in light of Mecosta
Co Med Ctr v Metro Group Prop & Cas Ins Co, ___ Mich ___; ___ NW2d ___ (2022) (Docket
Nos. 161628 and 161650), which our Supreme Court decided on June 10, 2022. For the reasons
set forth in this opinion, we now affirm.
I. BACKGROUND
We provided a detailed recitation of the factual and procedural background of this case in
or prior opinion. For purposes of this opinion, we now provide a brief summary of the pertinent
facts.
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In May 2017, Provider filed a complaint against Auto-Owners in the Washtenaw Circuit
Court seeking to recover for attendant care services Provider rendered to the insured, Richard
Kalamas, in relation to a motor vehicle accident. Medical Team, unpub op at 1. According to
Provider, Kalamas had assigned Provider the right to collect the expenses incurred by Provider on
Kalamas’s behalf, but Auto-Owners had refused to pay the charges. Id. As Provider
acknowledged in filing its complaint, a separate civil action arising out of the same transaction or
occurrence was simultaneously pending in the Wayne Circuit Court involving Kalamas’s
individual claims against Auto-Owners. Id. at 2.
In the Wayne Circuit Court lawsuit, the court entered a stipulated order on November 20,
2017, indicating that Kalamas’s claims for bills relating to services provided by Provider were
dismissed without prejudice. Id. On April 18, 2018, the Wayne Circuit Court granted summary
disposition in favor of Auto-Owners and dismissed Kalamas’s complaint against Auto-Owners
with prejudice on the ground that Kalamas made fraudulent statements related to the accident,
which triggered a fraud-exclusion clause in the policy and barred all claims for PIP benefits. Id.
Subsequently, on June 4, 2018, Auto-Owners moved in the Washtenaw Circuit Court for
summary disposition in the instant action against Provider. Id. As relevant to the resolution of
this appeal, Auto-Owners argued that Providers claims were barred by res judicata because they
were entirely dependent on Kalamas’s underlying claim for benefits against Auto-Owners and the
Wayne Circuit Court had determined that Kalamas’s claim was barred. Id. at 2-3. The Washtenaw
Circuit Court denied Auto-Owners’ motion for summary disposition. Id. at 3-4. In doing so, the
trial court reasoned as follows:
“[Provider] had a right to pursue benefits that had been assigned to it. I
understand that a Wayne County Judge made a determination with prejudice as to
Mr. Kalamas’ right to recover and determined, based on an unopposed motion for
summary disposition, that Mr. Kalamas had committed fraud. [Provider] disputes
that Mr. Kalamas committed fraud in any event, but even if he did commit fraud,
[Provider] was not a party to that action and can’t be bound by the result in that
case. There’s not an identity of parties or interests and I would deny the motion for
summary disposition.” [Id. at 4.]
The trial court denied Auto-Owners’ subsequent motions to amend its affirmative defenses
and for reconsideration. The trial court entered a stipulated order for dismissal and consent
judgment, and this appeal followed.
II. STANDARD OF REVIEW
This Court reviews de novo both the trial court’s ruling on a motion for summary
disposition and questions regarding the application of the doctrines of res judicata and collateral
estoppel. King v Munro, 329 Mich App 594, 598-599; 944 NW2d 198 (2019).
Summary disposition may be granted under MCR 2.116(C)(7) on the basis of res judicata
or collateral estoppel. Id. at 598. When deciding a motion under MCR 2.116(C)(7), a “court
should examine all documentary evidence submitted by the parties, accept all well-pleaded
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allegations as true, and construe all evidence and pleadings in the light most favorable to the
nonmoving party.” Id. at 599 (quotation marks and citation omitted).
A motion under MCR 2.116(C)(10) tests the factual support of a plaintiff’s
claim. Summary disposition is appropriate under MCR 2.116(C)(10) if there is no
genuine issue regarding any material fact and the moving party is entitled to
judgment as a matter of law. In reviewing a motion under MCR 2.116(C)(10), this
Court considers the pleadings, admissions, affidavits, and other relevant
documentary evidence of record in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party
to determine whether any genuine issue of material fact exists to warrant a trial. A
genuine issue of material fact exists when the record, giving the benefit of
reasonable doubt to the opposing party, leaves open an issue upon which reasonable
minds might differ. [Zaher v Miotke, 300 Mich App 132, 139-140; 832 NW2d 266
(2013) (quotation marks and citations omitted).]
III. ANALYSIS
On remand, this Court must reconsider whether Providers claims are barred by res judicata
in light of our Supreme Court’s recent decision in Mecosta.
“Res judicata bars a second action on the same claim if (1) the prior action was decided on
the merits, (2) both actions involve the same parties or their privies, and (3) the matter in the second
case was, or could have been, resolved in the first.” Mecosta, ___ Mich at ___; slip op at 5-6.
In Mecosta, Jacob Myers was injured in an automobile accident, and he assigned to the
plaintiff medical providers who treated him his right to seek PIP benefits in the amount of his
treatment bills. Id. at ___; slip op at 2-3. Myers subsequently sued the defendant insurance
companies in the Wayne Circuit Court to collect PIP benefits related to other costs from the
accident. Id. The plaintiff medical providers were not parties to the Wayne Circuit Court action.
Id. While that lawsuit was still pending, the plaintiff medical providers sued the same defendant
insurance companies in the Kent Circuit Court to recover on the claim assigned to the plaintiff
medical providers by Myers. Id. at ___; slip op at 3-4.
The Wayne Circuit Court granted summary disposition in favor of the defendant insurance
companies and dismissed Myers’s PIP claim with prejudice, holding that Myers was not entitled
to any benefits because he had not properly insured the vehicle. Id. After that judgment was
entered, the Kent Circuit Court granted summary disposition in favor of the defendant insurance
companies on the ground that the plaintiff medical providers’ claims were barred by res judicata
and collateral estoppel as a result of the Wayne Circuit Court decision that Myers was ineligible
for PIP benefits. Id. at ___; slip op at 4.
In addressing the question whether the plaintiff medical providers’ action in the Kent
Circuit Court for PIP benefits based on the assignment from Myers was precluded under the
doctrines of res judicata or collateral estoppel by the Wayne Circuit Court judgment against Myers,
our Supreme Court concluded that resolution of the appeal hinged on whether the plaintiff medical
providers were “privies of Myers with respect to the judgment that was entered against him after
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the assignment.”1 Id. at ___, ___, ___; slip op at 3, 5, 6-7. Noting that to “be in privity is to be so
identified in interest with another party that the first litigant represents the same legal right that the
later litigant is trying to assert,” the Supreme Court acknowledged that “[g]enerally, a relationship
based on an assignment of rights is deemed to be one of privity.” Id. at ___; slip op at 7 (quotation
marks and citation omitted). However, the Court clarified that “the mere succession of rights to
the same property or interest does not, by itself, give rise to privity with regard to subsequent
actions by and against the assignor,” and the “binding effect of [an] adjudication flows from the
fact that when the successor acquires an interest in the right it is then affected by the adjudication
in the hands of the former owner.” Id. at ___; slip op at 8 (quotation marks and citation omitted).
Our Supreme Court concluded that “a judgment entered after the assignment does not bind
the assignee because the assignee is not in privity with the assignor with respect to that judgment.”
Id. Accordingly, the Court held that the plaintiff medical providers were not bound by the
judgment against Myers because the plaintiff medical providers “were not in privity with Myers
with respect to the judgment that was rendered against him after he had assigned the present PIP
claim to plaintiffs.” Id. at ___; slip op at 13.
Here, Provider alleged in its complaint that Kalamas assigned Provider the right to collect
the expenses incurred by Provider on Kalamas’s behalf. Thereafter, Kalamas’s separate action for
PIP benefits was dismissed with prejudice by the Wayne Circuit Court on the ground that
Kalamas’s claims for PIP benefits were barred under the fraud-exclusion clause in the insurance
policy. The parties in the case before this Court do not dispute on appeal that the Wayne Circuit
Court judgment dismissing Kalamas’s separate action was issued after the alleged assignments on
which Provider relied in bringing the instant action. Because Provider was not a party to
Kalamas’s Wayne Circuit Court action, the doctrine of res judicata could not apply to bar
Provider’s separate Washtenaw Circuit Court action unless Provider was in privity with Kalamas.
Id. at ___; slip op at 5-7. Under Mecosta, Provider was not in privity with Kalamas with respect
to the Wayne Circuit Court judgment because that judgment was entered after the alleged
assignment from Kalamas on which Provider’s Washtenaw Circuit Court action was based. Id. at
___; slip op at 3, 8, 13. Because of the lack of privity between Provider and Kalamas, Provider
cannot be bound by the Wayne Circuit Court judgment under the doctrine of res judicata. Id. at
___, ___, ___; at 3, 5-8, 13. Provider also cannot be bound by that judgment under the doctrine
of collateral estoppel for the same reason. Id. at ___; slip op at 3, 6-8, 13.2 The trial court,
therefore, did not err by denying Auto-Owners’ motion for summary disposition.
1
It was undisputed that the plaintiff medical providers were not parties to Myers’s separate action.
Mecosta, ___ Mich at ___; slip op at 6.
2
“The elements of collateral estoppel are . . . (1) a question of fact essential to the judgment must
have been actually litigated and determined by a valid and final judgment, (2) the parties or privies
must have had a full [and fair] opportunity to litigate the issue, and (3) there must be mutuality of
estoppel.” Mecosta, ___ Mich at ___; slip op at 6 (alteration in original; quotation marks and
citations omitted). “[B]oth res judicata and collateral estoppel apply only when the parties in the
subsequent action were parties or privies of parties to the original action.” Id.
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In its brief on appeal, Auto-Owners makes several additional arguments. First, it argues
that Provider’s opposition in the trial court to Auto-Owners’ motion for summary disposition
essentially amounted to an impermissible collateral attack on the propriety of the Wayne Circuit
Court’s order and that Provider does not have standing to collaterally attack the Wayne Circuit
Court’s order. Next, Auto-Owners argues that the “trial court also erred in holding that (1) the
doctrine of collateral estoppel and/or res judicata is ‘unfair’ to The Medical Team where The
Medical Team was not involved in Mr. Kalamas’ fraudulent conduct, (2) Wayne County Circuit
Court did not have jurisdiction and/or standing to dismiss Mr. Kalamas’ claim where Mr. Kalamas
died and a personal representative had not yet been appointed at the time summary disposition was
granted in the Wayne County action, and (3) Auto-Owners did not properly plead collateral
estoppel and/or res judicata as an affirmative defense.”
Auto-Owners’ arguments seemingly imply that the trial court erred by denying its motion
for summary disposition because it did not properly apply the relevant legal framework for the
doctrines of res judicata and collateral estoppel, and instead focused on the propriety of the Wayne
Circuit Court judgment, as had Provider. Even if we accept Auto-Owners’ contentions in these
respects as true, the trial court in the instant case nonetheless reached the correct result by denying
Auto-Owners’ motion for summary disposition. As we have already explained, Provider’s action
was not barred by res judicata or collateral estoppel. “This Court will not reverse a trial court’s
order of summary disposition when the right result was reached for the wrong reason.” Forest
Hills Coop v Ann Arbor, 305 Mich App 572, 615; 854 NW2d 172 (2014). Moreover, assuming
without deciding that Auto-Owners is correct in stating that the Wayne Circuit Court did not err,
that conclusion would be irrelevant to resolving the issues before us because Provider’s separate
action currently before this Court is not barred under the doctrines of res judicata or collateral
estoppel by the Wayne Circuit Court judgment.3
Next, because the doctrines of res judicata and collateral estoppel did not apply in this case,
any amendment of Auto-Owners’ pleadings related to stating these affirmative defenses would be
futile, and the trial court therefore properly denied leave to amend. See Wolfenbarger v Wright,
336 Mich App 1, 21; 969 NW2d 518 (2012) (stating that “a motion to amend may be denied if the
amendment would be futile” and that “[a]n amendment is futile if, among other things, it is legally
insufficient on its face”).
Finally, to the extent the parties disagree about how our Supreme Court’s decision in Bazzi
v Sentinel Ins Co, 502 Mich 390; 919 NW2d 20 (2018), should apply in this case, these issues were
not part of the trial court’s decision in this case and thus are unpreserved. Forest Hills Coop, 305
Mich App at 615 (“In general, an issue is not preserved for appeal unless it was presented to and
decided by the circuit court.”). We decline to address these unpreserved issues. See id. at 586
(stating that an appellate court “need not address an unpreserved issue”).
3
We express no opinion about the propriety of the Wayne Circuit Court judgment because that
matter is not currently before us.
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Affirmed. No costs are awarded. MCR 7.219.
/s/ Stephen L. Borrello
/s/ Kathleen Jansen
/s/ Brock A. Swartzle
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