This is an action brought by the plaintiff to enjoin, what is alleged to be an. excessive assessment, made upon property owned by him, for the improvement of Carson avenue on Price Hill, on which his lot abuts lengthwise. The lot abuts on Warsaw avenue on the south 121.75 feet, 121.75 feet on Eaclede avenue on the north and 417 feet on Carson avenue on the west. The lot was platted to front on Warsaw avenue, which is an improved street, and the residence of the owner fronts thereon. The carriage drive enters the lot from the Warsaw avenue and leads to the dwelling, as does the sidewalk. The lot, however, also fronts on Eaclede avenue, which is unimproved. Carson avenue is now being improved, and the method adopted by the city authorities is to assess the cost of the improvement thereof upon all the lots and lands bounding and abutting thereon by the front foot, and the assessment upon the lot of the plaintiff for its proportional share of the total cost of the improvement was upon 417 feet, the total length of the lot on Carson avenue, viz : 417 feet. The plaintiff’s lot is surrounded by a fence, with the principal entrances and gates on Warsaw avenue as has been said; but on Carson avenue, not far distant from ffaclede avenue is a gateway, which the evidence shows is occasionally used in this way: When wagons bring coal to the coal house of plaintiff, which is situated in the rear of his dwelling, they enter at the main driveway on Warsaw avenue, and go to the coal house and the coal is unloaded and the empty wagons are driven out of the gateway on Carson avenue. Of course this gateway could be used for other purposes, but in the past the use of it has been principally as before stated. Under the decision of the supreme court in the Haviland case, 50 Ohio St., 471, it would seem clear, that if this gateway on Carson avenue was not there and used in the manner stated, that this lot of the plaintiff could not be properly assessed for each foot that it abuts on Carson avenue, viz : for 417 feet. In that case we *825think it should be assessed only for the length that the lot fronts on Warsaw ave‘ nue, and on Laclede avenue, viz : 121.75 feet on each, 243J- feet in all — for the lot also fronts on the latter avenue, and in such case it would seem equitable and right to adopt this method.
But we are of the opinion that their mere use of this gateway in a fence of a temporary character, does not have the effect of making this lot, under the decision referred to, front on Carson avenue so that each foot abutting thereon should, be assessible for its construction. We are aware that courts have differed id their views as to this, and an early decision by the supreme court fixing the law on this point is most desirable. In the absence of such authoritative ruling we have adopted in this particular case the rule which seems to us calculated to do substantial justice between these parties. We do not doubt that persons may have so improved a corner lot, by the erection of buildings thereon, as to make each side thereof assessable by the front foot abutting on the two streets. But we think it has not been done in this case.
It is urged by the corporation counsel that as the plaintiff signed the petition for this improvement he cannot complain of the amount assessed against him. 'The plaintiff in this case did no more than sign the petition. This did not estop him from objecting that the mode in which the improvement was made or that the amount of the assessment was not warranted by the statute. 39 Ohio St., 281.
We are further of the opinion that the plea of res adjudicata filed by the city is not supported by the evidence. It is true, as pleaded, that the plaintiff and others heretofore, by proceedings in the superior court, sought to wholly enjoin the collection of any assessment on the ground that it was wholly void for the reasons stated in the petition. This was adjudged against the plaintiff and that the assessment made was valid and the petition was dismissed. The question whether the lot of the plaintiff was assessed for too many feet was not before the court or raised by the pleadings, and therefore was not necessarily tried and determined. 10 Ohio St., 45; 5 Wall., U. S., 592.
The petition in this case was filed August 4, 1894. It alleged that the assessment was made payable in ten yearly installments, the first being payable in 1892; that on the twenty-ninth of January, 1892, plaintiff paid the installment then payable by the terms of the assessing ordinance; that on February 9, 1893, he paid the second installment, and on May 28, 1894, the third installment. There is no averment that these installments were paid under protest or on compulsion of any kind. That on August 3, 1894, he tendered payment of the amount he admitted to be due on the other installments, taking credit, however, for the amounts claimed to have been overpaid in the three payments named, but the auditor refused to accept it unless he paid the whole of thp future assessments, and thereupon this action was brought, seeking to have the amount of excess paid by him credited on the first installment coming due thereafter, and to have the collection of the amount of the other installments illegally assessed against him enjoined. The question then arises whether he is entitled in law to have the amount of the payments already made by him, over and above what was really due at those times, credited on the next assessment falling due. It is claimed that this should be done on the authority of the case of Pike v. Cummings, 36 Ohio St., 213. That was a case where the estimated cost of the improvement was over $69,000, and the assessment was made upon this basis. But it turned out that the actual cost was about $18,000 less than was estimated. Pike, the owner of an assessed lot, paid two installments of the assessment, and in an action brought by him to enjoin the collection of the other excessive installments, the court held that the overpayments made on the first two installments should be credited to him on the one next falling due, and enjoined the collection of the excess in the remaining installments.
This case is similar in some respects to that at bar. But there surely could have been no claim on the part of the defendant in the Pike case that the city *826was authorized to assess upon the lots and lands abutting upon the improvement a. sum greater than the cost thereof. Its action in doing so must have been void as to the excess; and it does not appear, from the statement of the case, that the .city was claiming the whole assessment to be valid, as in the case here. We think that the case must be considered in connection with that of Wilson v. Pellón, 40 •Ohio S’t., 306. subsequently decided. It was there held that in an action against a .treasurer to recover taxes paid, which had been illegally assessed, there could not .be a recovery where the taxes were paid voluntary, and without protest or objection. It is true that there may be some question whether this, so far as this particular question is concerned, is an action under section 5848, Revised Statutes, which gives to the court the right to enjoin the illegal levy or collection of ¡taxes or assessments, and of actions to recover back such taxes or assessments as 'have been collected, but we think it is, or that the same rules should be applied in the two cases. And if under this statute, taxes paid cannot be recovered back, if illegally assessed, that in a like action credit should not be given for the excess ■•paid on future installments. In an action under this section, no recovery can be had for taxes or, assessments improperly assessed, which have been paid, unless '.the action be brought within one year after such payment. If this part of the .section applies to this case, clearly there could ’be no recovery as to the 'first two installments paid by the plaintiff, for the action' was not brought within the year after the payment. But we think on the facts stated, the payments made were voluntary. There was no protest or objection made. The city was asserting the right to the whole, and the right so far as these installments were concerned seems to have been conceded by the plaintiff, and the payments should stand.
Charles F. Droste, for Plaintiff. Corporation Counsel, contra.The decree will be that the collection of so much of the remaining unpaid installments as was under our ruling improperly charged against this lot, be enjoined.