ATTORNEY FOR THE RESPONDENT ATTORNEYS FOR THE INDIANA SUPREME COURT
Alan S. Townsend DISCIPLINARY COMMISSION
Indianapolis, Indiana Donald R. Lundberg, Executive Secretary
Robert C. Shook, Staff Attorney
Indianapolis, Indiana
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In the
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Indiana Supreme Court
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FILED
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No. 49S00-0411-DI-475
Feb 27 2008, 2:22 pm
IN THE MATTER OF:
CLERK
of the supreme court,
court of appeals and
DANIEL CUELLER, tax court
Respondent.
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Attorney Discipline Action
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February 27, 2008
Per Curiam.
This matter is before the Court on the report of the hearing officer appointed by this
Court to hear evidence on the Indiana Supreme Court Disciplinary Commission's "Verified Com-
plaint for Disciplinary Action," and on the post-hearing briefing by the parties. We find that
Respondent, Daniel Cueller, engaged in attorney misconduct by failing to hold property of cli-
ents properly in trust, failing to maintain a ledger with separate records for each client with funds
deposited in a trust account, and knowingly making false statements of material fact to the Disci-
plinary Commission in connection with this disciplinary matter.
The Respondent's 1986 admission to this state's bar subjects him to this Court's discipli-
nary jurisdiction. See IND. CONST. art. 7, § 4. For his misconduct, we find that Respondent
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should be suspended from the practice of law in this state for a period of six months, with all but
30 days stayed, subject to an 18-month period of probation.
Background
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The charges of the disciplinary complaint against Respondent begin with the following
chronology of events:
January 24, 2002 Respondent deposited a $4,500.00 check, received in settlement of a cli-
ent's claim ("settlement check"), into his attorney trust account. Of this
amount, the client was entitled to $3,400.00.
February 12, 2002 The balance in the trust fund account fell below $3,400.00.
February 19, 2002 Respondent made a $4,673.08 deposit into his trust account, consisting of
four checks unrelated to the client's case.
February 20, 2002 The balance in the trust fund account again fell below $3,400.00.
February 27, 2002 Respondent wrote a $3,400.00 check to the client ("client check").
March 4, 2002 The client check was returned for insufficient funds.
March 5-12, 2002 Respondent deposited $1,384.08 in funds unrelated to client's case.
March 12, 2002 The client check cleared. The balance afterward was $180.60.
Between the time the settlement check was deposited and the time the client check
cleared, Respondent had made six withdrawals totaling $5,100.00 from his trust account for his
own benefit.
When the Commission asked about the overdraft, Respondent told the Commission by
letter that it was because he had given the client check to the client prior to making his "trust
account deposits," which the Commission and hearing officer understood to mean the settlement
check ("First Statement"). Respondent later told the Commission that he believed he had
deposited the settlement check on February 19, 2002 ("Second Statement"). Still later,
Respondent told the Commission he believed the overdraft occurred because he had mistakenly
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taken too much for his fees for the client's case out of the trust fund account. He said he told the
client not to cash the client check until he could redeposit the excess fees, but the client did not
wait1 ("Third Statement"). The deposit Respondent made after the client check was dishonored,
however, was unrelated to the client's case. The hearing officer found the three "conflicting
explanations were knowingly made by the Respondent and each statement was false."
Discussion
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Respondent does not dispute that he was negligent in maintaining and keeping records for
his trust account. He admits that he used his trust account as an informal savings account for
himself and that he was "out of trust" regarding the funds he owed to the client. He denies,
however, making any knowingly false statements to the Commission.
Respondent contends his First Statement was actually correct because the "trust account
deposits" did not refer to deposit of the settlement check, but rather to the unrelated funds
Respondent made after the client picked up the client check. Respondent's letter to the
Commission in which he made the First Statement goes on to say: "To insure there will be no
further trust account issues, clients will wait until settlement checks are deposited and cleared
before the client receives his or her settlement proceeds." This implies that the overdraft at issue
occurred because Respondent had given the client check to the client before Respondent had
deposited the settlement check, which was incorrect.
Respondent admits the Second Statement—that the settlement check was deposited on
February 19, 2002—was incorrect. He contends, however, that he corrected the misstatement in
a follow-up letter as soon as he received bank statements showing the deposit was actually made
on January 24. A later correction, however, does not necessarily mean an original false
statement was not knowingly made.
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The client admitted that Respondent asked him to wait three or four days to cash the client check and
that he did not wait.
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Respondent contends that the Third Statement—that he asked the client not to cash the
client check "so I could make sure to redeposit my excess fees"—was accurate. Respondent,
however, made no deposit representing reimbursement of excess fees between the time the client
check was dishonored and the time it cleared. Respondent contends that nearly all the amounts
he deposited during this period were his own funds (e.g., fees from other clients, rental income),
not client funds. Nevertheless, the evidence supports a finding that Respondent's statement was
knowingly false in its implication that Respondent intended to deposit an amount certain
representing his excess fees to cover the client check rather than depositing miscellaneous
unrelated checks from various sources so the client check would clear.
The review process in disciplinary cases involves de novo examination of all matters
presented to the Court, but the Hearing Officer's findings receive emphasis due to the unique
opportunity for direct observation of witnesses. See In re Kern, 555 N.E.2d 479, 480 (Ind.
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1990). The Commission carries the burden of proof to demonstrate attorney misconduct by clear
and convincing evidence. See Ind. Admission and Discipline Rule 23(14)(h); In re Siegel, 708
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N.E.2d 869, 870 (Ind. 1999).
The Court concludes the record in this case supports the hearing officer's finding that
Respondent made knowingly false statements to the Commission. Even if Respondent's Second
Statement was an innocent misstatement, the evidence regarding the First and Third Statements
shows an intent to mislead the Commission into believing Respondent's trust fund problem was
an isolated (and remedied) event rather than an on-going, systemic failure.
In addressing another attorney's breach of his duty of complete candor toward the
Commission, this Court stated:
Respondent's less than honest response to the Commission's initial
investigative inquiry represents a significant breach of professional ethics. As a
member of a licensed and regulated profession, Respondent and all lawyers are
called upon to conform to a rigid set of ethical guidelines. Fundamental in this
framework is the concept that lawyers must abide by high standards of integrity
and honesty. Respondent's deceitful statements represent a serious departure from
these expected norms. Further, ours is a profession that is largely self-governed.
It is a perversion of the disciplinary enforcement mechanism when a lawyer
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intentionally places false statements of fact before the Commission. Such actions
seriously inhibit the ability of the Commission to effectively carry out its mission.
In re Shumate, 626 N.E.2d 459, 461 (Ind. 1993) (imposing a suspension from the practice of law
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for a period of not less than thirty days).
Because of Respondent's knowingly false statements to the Commission, the Court
concludes that a period of active suspension is warranted.
Conclusion
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The Court finds that Respondent violated these rules, which prohibit the following
misconduct:
Ind. Admission and Discipline Rule 23(29)(a)(3): Failure to maintain a ledger with
separate records for each client with funds deposited in a trust account.
Ind. Professional Conduct Rule 1.15(a): Failure to hold property of clients properly in
trust.
Ind. Professional Conduct Rule 8.1(a): Knowingly making a false statement of material
fact to the Disciplinary Commission in connection with a disciplinary matter.
Although Respondent was also charged with violation of Professional Conduct Rule
8.4(b) for alleged conversion of client funds, the Court concludes the evidence does not support a
finding of such misconduct.
For this professional misconduct, the Court suspends Respondent from the practice of
law for a period of six months, beginning April 11, 2008, with all but 30 days stayed, subject to
an 18-month period of probation beginning at the end of Respondent's active suspension. During
probation, Respondent shall have his trust account monitored by a CPA at his own expense to
criteria acceptable to the Disciplinary Commission, who will then report quarterly to the
Commission on Respondent's compliance with the Rules of Professional Conduct and the
Admission and Discipline Rules governing lawyer trust accounts.
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Respondent shall not undertake any new legal matters between service of this order and
the effective date of the suspension, and Respondent shall fulfill all the duties of a suspended
attorney under Admission and Discipline Rule 23(26).
The costs of this proceeding are assessed against Respondent. The hearing officer
appointed in this case is discharged.
The Clerk of this Court is directed to give notice of this opinion to the hearing officer, to
the parties or their respective attorneys, and to all other entities entitled to notice under
Admission and Discipline Rule 23(3)(d).
All Justices concur.
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